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Related papers: Implicit Updates for Average-Reward Temporal Diffe…

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Reinforcement learning (RL) promises to solve long-horizon tasks even when training data contains only short fragments of the behaviors. This experience stitching capability is often viewed as the purview of temporal difference (TD)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Michał Bortkiewicz , Władysław Pałucki , Mateusz Ostaszewski , Benjamin Eysenbach

Many training data attribution (TDA) methods aim to estimate how a model's behavior would change if one or more data points were removed from the training set. Methods based on implicit differentiation, such as influence functions, can be…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-22 Juhan Bae , Wu Lin , Jonathan Lorraine , Roger Grosse

We investigate whether Jacobi preconditioning, accounting for the bootstrap term in temporal difference (TD) learning, can help boost performance of adaptive optimizers. Our method, TDprop, computes a per parameter learning rate based on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-07-07 Joshua Romoff , Peter Henderson , David Kanaa , Emmanuel Bengio , Ahmed Touati , Pierre-Luc Bacon , Joelle Pineau

Backward error analysis allows finding a modified loss function, which the parameter updates really follow under the influence of an optimization method. The additional loss terms included in this modified function is called implicit…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-06 Jinwoo Lim , Suhyun Kim , Soo-Mook Moon

The backpropagation method has enabled transformative uses of neural networks. Alternatively, for energy-based models, local learning methods involving only nearby neurons offer benefits in terms of decentralized training, and allow for the…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2025-01-30 Martin J. Falk , Adam T. Strupp , Benjamin Scellier , Arvind Murugan

Randomness is an unavoidable part of training deep learning models, yet something that traditional training data attribution algorithms fail to rigorously account for. They ignore the fact that, due to stochasticity in the initialisation…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Bruno Mlodozeniec , Isaac Reid , Sam Power , David Krueger , Murat Erdogdu , Richard E. Turner , Roger Grosse

Emphatic algorithms are temporal-difference learning algorithms that change their effective state distribution by selectively emphasizing and de-emphasizing their updates on different time steps. Recent works by Sutton, Mahmood and White…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2015-07-07 A. Rupam Mahmood , Huizhen Yu , Martha White , Richard S. Sutton

Click-Through Rate (CTR) prediction is a pivotal task in product and content recommendation, where learning effective feature embeddings is of great significance. However, traditional methods typically learn fixed feature representations…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-09-06 Chen Zhu , Liang Du , Hong Chen , Shuang Zhao , Zixun Sun , Xin Wang , Wenwu Zhu

Iterative procedures for parameter estimation based on stochastic gradient descent allow the estimation to scale to massive data sets. However, in both theory and practice, they suffer from numerical instability. Moreover, they are…

Methodology · Statistics 2016-06-08 Panos Toulis , Dustin Tran , Edoardo M. Airoldi

We consider reinforcement learning for continuous-time Markov decision processes (MDPs) in the infinite-horizon, average-reward setting. In contrast to discrete-time MDPs, a continuous-time process moves to a state and stays there for a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-03 Xuefeng Gao , Xun Yu Zhou

We extend the options framework for temporal abstraction in reinforcement learning from discounted Markov decision processes (MDPs) to average-reward MDPs. Our contributions include general convergent off-policy inter-option learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-27 Yi Wan , Abhishek Naik , Richard S. Sutton

Model-based reinforcement learning (RL) has shown great promise due to its sample efficiency, but still struggles with long-horizon sparse-reward tasks, especially in offline settings where the agent learns from a fixed dataset. We…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-17 Rohan Chitnis , Yingchen Xu , Bobak Hashemi , Lucas Lehnert , Urun Dogan , Zheqing Zhu , Olivier Delalleau

Inverse reinforcement learning (IRL) is typically formulated as maximizing entropy subject to matching the distribution of expert trajectories. Classical (dual-ascent) IRL guarantees monotonic performance improvement but requires fully…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Anish Diwan , Davide Tateo , Christopher E. Mower , Haitham Bou-Ammar , Jan Peters , Oleg Arenz

In reinforcement learning (RL), the consideration of multivariate reward signals has led to fundamental advancements in multi-objective decision-making, transfer learning, and representation learning. This work introduces the first…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-05 Harley Wiltzer , Jesse Farebrother , Arthur Gretton , Mark Rowland

While the Implicit Bias(or Implicit Regularization) of standard loss functions has been studied, the optimization geometry induced by discriminative metric-learning objectives remains largely unexplored.To the best of our knowledge, this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-13 Jiawen Li

Due to its speed and simplicity, subgradient descent is one of the most used optimization algorithms in convex machine learning algorithms. However, tuning its learning rate is probably its most severe bottleneck to achieve consistent good…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-07-25 Keyi Chen , Francesco Orabona

Standard reinforcement learning (RL) optimizes policies for reward but imposes few constraints on how decisions evolve over time. As a result, policies may achieve high performance while exhibiting temporally incoherent behavior such as…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-24 Sukesh Subaharan

We devise a distributional variant of gradient temporal-difference (TD) learning. Distributional reinforcement learning has been demonstrated to outperform the regular one in the recent study \citep{bellemare2017distributional}. In the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-04-04 Chao Qu , Shie Mannor , Huan Xu

Policy evaluation algorithms are essential to reinforcement learning due to their ability to predict the performance of a policy. However, there are two long-standing issues lying in this prediction problem that need to be tackled:…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-12-30 Daoming Lyu , Bo Liu , Matthieu Geist , Wen Dong , Saad Biaz , Qi Wang

Average-reward reinforcement learning requires estimating the gain and the bias, which is defined only up to an additive constant. This makes direct distributional analogues ill-posed on the real line. We introduce a quotient-space…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Ege C. Kaya , Aliasghar Pourghani , Vijay Gupta , Abolfazl Hashemi
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