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Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable reasoning capabilities in math and coding, often bolstered by post-training on the chain-of-thoughts (CoTs) generated by stronger models. However, existing strategies for curating…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Siqi Kou , Qingyuan Tian , Hanwen Xu , Zihao Zeng , Zhijie Deng

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown impressive capabilities, yet they still struggle with math reasoning. In this work, we propose CoT-Influx, a novel approach that pushes the boundary of few-shot Chain-of-Thoughts (CoT) learning to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-16 Xijie Huang , Li Lyna Zhang , Kwang-Ting Cheng , Fan Yang , Mao Yang

Leveraging Large Language Models (LLMs) for recommendation has recently garnered considerable attention, where fine-tuning plays a key role in LLMs' adaptation. However, the cost of fine-tuning LLMs on rapidly expanding recommendation data…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-06-05 Xinyu Lin , Wenjie Wang , Yongqi Li , Shuo Yang , Fuli Feng , Yinwei Wei , Tat-Seng Chua

Recent advancements in code large language models (Code-LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in resolving programming related tasks. Meanwhile, researchers have recognized that the quality of pre-training data is crucial for…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-10 Chengli Xing , Zhengran Zeng , Gexiang Fang , Rui Xie , Wei Ye , Shikun Zhang

Despite advancements, fine-tuning Large Language Models (LLMs) remains costly due to the extensive parameter count and substantial data requirements for model generalization. Accessibility to computing resources remains a barrier for the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-04 Ayrton San Joaquin , Bin Wang , Zhengyuan Liu , Nicholas Asher , Brian Lim , Philippe Muller , Nancy F. Chen

Recent advancements in large language models (LLMs) have significantly advanced complex reasoning capabilities, particularly through extended chain-of-thought (CoT) reasoning that incorporates mechanisms such as backtracking,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Baohao Liao , Xinyi Chen , Sara Rajaee , Yuhui Xu , Christian Herold , Anders Søgaard , Maarten de Rijke , Christof Monz

Compute-efficient training of language models has become an important issue. We consider data pruning for data-efficient training of LLMs. In this work, we consider a data pruning method based on information entropy. We propose that the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-12-13 Minsang Kim , Seungjun Baek

Language models are commonly fine-tuned via reinforcement learning to alter their behavior or elicit new capabilities. Datasets used for these purposes, and particularly human preference datasets, are often noisy. The relatively small size…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-22 Daniel Fein , Gabriela Aranguiz-Dias

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown impressive performance in complex reasoning tasks through the use of Chain-of-Thought (CoT) reasoning, allowing models to break down problems into manageable sub-tasks. However, existing CoT…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-11 Jean-Francois Ton , Muhammad Faaiz Taufiq , Yang Liu

Long chain-of-thought~(CoT) has become a dominant paradigm for enhancing the reasoning capability of large reasoning models~(LRMs); however, the performance gains often come with a substantial increase in reasoning budget. Recent studies…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Jie Cao , Tianwei Lin , Zhenxuan Fan , Bo Yuan , Ziyuan Zhao , Rolan Yan , Wenqiao Zhang , Siliang Tang

Pretrained Large Language Models (LLMs) achieve strong performance across a wide range of tasks, yet exhibit substantial variability in the various layers' training quality with respect to specific downstream applications, limiting their…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-27 Hadi Askari , Shivanshu Gupta , Fei Wang , Anshuman Chhabra , Muhao Chen

Influence functions are important for quantifying the impact of individual training data points on a model's predictions. Although extensive research has been conducted on influence functions in traditional machine learning models, their…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-23 Zhe Li , Wei Zhao , Yige Li , Jun Sun

Large Language Models (LLMs) with reasoning capabilities have achieved state-of-the-art performance on a wide range of tasks. Despite its empirical success, the tasks and model scales at which reasoning becomes effective, as well as its…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-29 Nicolas Boizard , Hippolyte Gisserot-Boukhlef , Kevin El-Haddad , Céline Hudelot , Pierre Colombo

Instruction Fine-Tuning (IFT) significantly enhances the zero-shot capabilities of pretrained Large Language Models (LLMs). While coding data is known to boost LLM reasoning abilities during pretraining, its role in activating internal…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-12-13 Xinlu Zhang , Zhiyu Zoey Chen , Xi Ye , Xianjun Yang , Lichang Chen , William Yang Wang , Linda Ruth Petzold

Reasoning-enhanced large language models (RLLMs), whether explicitly trained for reasoning or prompted via chain-of-thought (CoT), have achieved state-of-the-art performance on many complex reasoning tasks. However, we uncover a surprising…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Xiaomin Li , Zhou Yu , Zhiwei Zhang , Xupeng Chen , Ziji Zhang , Yingying Zhuang , Narayanan Sadagopan , Anurag Beniwal

Large language models have emerged as powerful tools for general intelligence, showcasing advanced natural language processing capabilities that find applications across diverse domains. Despite their impressive performance, recent studies…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-01 Elita Lobo , Chirag Agarwal , Himabindu Lakkaraju

Large Reasoning Models (LRMs) significantly improve the reasoning ability of Large Language Models (LLMs) by learning to reason, exhibiting promising performance in solving complex tasks. However, their deliberative reasoning process leads…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-14 Yue Liu , Jiaying Wu , Yufei He , Ruihan Gong , Jun Xia , Liang Li , Hongcheng Gao , Hongyu Chen , Baolong Bi , Jiaheng Zhang , Zhiqi Huang , Bryan Hooi , Stan Z. Li , Keqin Li

Most work interpreting reasoning models studies only a single chain-of-thought (CoT), yet these models define distributions over many possible CoTs. We argue that studying a single sample is inadequate for understanding causal influence and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Uzay Macar , Paul C. Bogdan , Senthooran Rajamanoharan , Neel Nanda

The reasoning capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs) play a critical role in many downstream tasks, yet depend strongly on the quality of training data. Despite various proposed data construction methods, their practical utility in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-09 Yike Zhao , Simin Guo , Ziqing Yang , Shifan Han , Dahua Lin , Fei Tan

This is the second in a series of short reports that seek to help business, education, and policy leaders understand the technical details of working with AI through rigorous testing. In this report, we investigate Chain-of-Thought (CoT)…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Lennart Meincke , Ethan Mollick , Lilach Mollick , Dan Shapiro
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