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Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) lifts the factuality of Large Language Models (LLMs) by injecting external knowledge, yet it falls short on problems that demand multi-step inference; conversely, purely reasoning-oriented approaches…

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in a wide range of tasks, yet their application to specialized domains remains challenging due to the need for deep expertise. Retrieval-Augmented generation (RAG) has…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Qinggang Zhang , Shengyuan Chen , Yuanchen Bei , Zheng Yuan , Huachi Zhou , Zijin Hong , Hao Chen , Yilin Xiao , Chuang Zhou , Junnan Dong , Yi Chang , Xiao Huang

Cyber threat intelligence (CTI) analysts must answer complex questions over large collections of narrative security reports. Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) systems help language models access external knowledge, but traditional vector…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Dzenan Hamzic , Florian Skopik , Max Landauer , Markus Wurzenberger , Andreas Rauber

Most commodity software lacks accessible Application Programming Interfaces (APIs), requiring autonomous agents to interact solely through pixel-based Graphical User Interfaces (GUIs). In this API-free setting, large language model…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-26 Chenwei Tang , Lin Long , Xinyu Liu , Jingyu Xing , Zizhou Wang , Joey Tianyi Zhou , Jiawei Du , Liangli Zhen , Jiancheng Lv

We present a collaborative agentic GraphRAG framework for expert analysis of commercial registry data. Public registries are often formally accessible, yet difficult to use in practice because they combine structured records with large…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Arthur Capozzi , Dirk Helbing

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) systems for question answering typically retrieve evidence by semantic similarity between the query and document chunks. While effective for unstructured text, this approach is less reliable on…

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) systems often face limitations in specialized domains such as fintech, where domain-specific ontologies, dense terminology, and acronyms complicate effective retrieval and synthesis. This paper…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-30 Thomas Cook , Richard Osuagwu , Liman Tsatiashvili , Vrynsia Vrynsia , Koustav Ghosal , Maraim Masoud , Riccardo Mattivi

Computing legal indicators from normative texts is a key task in legal monitoring and policy evaluation, but presents significant challenges due to the complexity, scale, and interpretive nature of legal language, as well as the variability…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Youssef Al Mouatamid , Marie Bonnin , Jihad Zahir

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) systems are showing promising potential, and are becoming increasingly relevant in AI-powered legal applications. Existing benchmarks, such as LegalBench, assess the generative capabilities of Large…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-08-21 Nicholas Pipitone , Ghita Houir Alami

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) grounds Large Language Models (LLMs) to mitigate factual hallucinations. Recent paradigms shift from static pipelines to Modular and Agentic RAG frameworks, granting models autonomy for multi-hop…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Yichao Wu , Penghao Liang , Yafei Xiang , Mengwei Yuan , Jianan Liu , Jing Yang , Xianyou Li , Weiran Yan

Legal AI systems powered by retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) face a critical accountability challenge: when an AI assistant cites case law, statutes, or contractual clauses, practitioners need verifiable guarantees that generated text…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Valentin Noël , Elimane Yassine Seidou , Charly Ken Capo-Chichi , Ghanem Amari

Graph-based Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) has shown great capability in enhancing Large Language Model (LLM)'s answer with an external knowledge base. Compared to traditional RAG, it introduces a graph as an intermediate…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-06-18 Ke Wang , Bo Pan , Yingchaojie Feng , Yuwei Wu , Jieyi Chen , Minfeng Zhu , Wei Chen

Large language models (LLMs) have revolutionized natural language processing (NLP), particularly through Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG), which enhances LLM capabilities by integrating external knowledge. However, traditional RAG…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-23 Nengbo Wang , Xiaotian Han , Jagdip Singh , Jing Ma , Vipin Chaudhary

Research question answering requires accurate retrieval and contextual understanding of scientific literature. However, current Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) methods often struggle to balance complex document relationships with…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-01-28 Yuntong Hu , Zhihan Lei , Zhongjie Dai , Allen Zhang , Abhinav Angirekula , Zheng Zhang , Liang Zhao

Large language models (LLMs) struggle with the factual error during inference due to the lack of sufficient training data and the most updated knowledge, leading to the hallucination problem. Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) has gained…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-01-22 Zulun Zhu , Tiancheng Huang , Kai Wang , Junda Ye , Xinghe Chen , Siqiang Luo

Legal reasoning is not semantic similarity search. A court judgment encodes constrained symbolic reasoning: precedent propagation, procedural state transitions, and statute-bound inference. These are properties that vector-based…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-18 Joy Bose

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated strong performance in natural language generation but remain limited in knowle- dge-intensive tasks due to outdated or incomplete internal knowledge. Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG)…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Dong Li , Yichen Niu , Ying Ai , Xiang Zou , Biqing Qi , Jianxing Liu

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) offers a promising solution to address various limitations of Large Language Models (LLMs), such as hallucination and difficulties in keeping up with real-time updates. This approach is particularly…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-18 Shuting Wang , Jiongnan Liu , Shiren Song , Jiehan Cheng , Yuqi Fu , Peidong Guo , Kun Fang , Yutao Zhu , Zhicheng Dou

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) systems empower large language models (LLMs) with external knowledge, yet struggle with efficiency-accuracy trade-offs when scaling to large knowledge graphs. Existing approaches often rely on monolithic…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-06 Ruiyi Yang , Hao Xue , Imran Razzak , Shirui Pan , Hakim Hacid , Flora D. Salim

Effectively retrieving, reasoning, and understanding multimodal information remains a critical challenge for agentic systems. Traditional Retrieval-augmented Generation (RAG) methods rely on linear interaction histories, which struggle to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-22 Qiuchen Wang , Shihang Wang , Yu Zeng , Qiang Zhang , Fanrui Zhang , Zhuoning Guo , Bosi Zhang , Wenxuan Huang , Lin Chen , Zehui Chen , Pengjun Xie , Ruixue Ding