English
Related papers

Related papers: Probing the Difficulty Perception Mechanism of Lar…

200 papers

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly embedded in AI-based tutoring systems. Can they faithfully model novice reasoning and metacognitive judgments? Existing evaluations emphasize problem-solving accuracy, overlooking the fragmented…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Conrad Borchers , Jill-Jênn Vie , Roger Azevedo

Large Language Models (LLMs) are becoming very popular and are used for many different purposes, including creative tasks in the arts. However, these models sometimes have trouble with specific reasoning tasks, especially those that involve…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-10 Anna Kruspe

Large language models (LLMs) are the foundation of many AI applications today. However, despite their remarkable proficiency in generating coherent text, questions linger regarding their ability to perform fine-grained linguistic annotation…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-26 Jiali Cheng , Hadi Amiri

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable proficiency across diverse tasks, exhibiting emergent properties such as semantic prompt comprehension, In-Context Learning (ICL), and Chain-of-Thought (CoT) reasoning. Despite their…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-13 Yuling Jiao , Yanming Lai , Huazhen Lin , Wensen Ma , Houduo Qi , Defeng Sun

Transformer-based large language models (LLMs) have displayed remarkable creative prowess and emergence capabilities. Existing empirical studies have revealed a strong connection between these LLMs' impressive emergence abilities and their…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-14 Dake Bu , Wei Huang , Andi Han , Atsushi Nitanda , Taiji Suzuki , Qingfu Zhang , Hau-San Wong

Large language models (LLMs) have achieved substantial progress in processing long contexts but still struggle with long-context reasoning. Existing approaches typically involve fine-tuning LLMs with synthetic data, which depends on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-14 Siheng Li , Cheng Yang , Zesen Cheng , Lemao Liu , Mo Yu , Yujiu Yang , Wai Lam

Estimating item difficulty through field-testing is often resource-intensive and time-consuming. As such, there is strong motivation to develop methods that can predict item difficulty at scale using only the item content. Large Language…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Pooya Razavi , Sonya Powers

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used in situations where human values are at stake, such as decision-making tasks that involve reasoning when performed by humans. We investigate the so-called reasoning capabilities of LLMs…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-25 Nathaniël de Leeuw , Marceau Nahon , Mathis Reymond , Raja Chatila , Mehdi Khamassi

We evaluate LLMs' language understanding capacities on simple inference tasks that most humans find trivial. Specifically, we target (i) grammatically-specified entailments, (ii) premises with evidential adverbs of uncertainty, and (iii)…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-12 Victoria Basmov , Yoav Goldberg , Reut Tsarfaty

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated impressive capabilities in natural language processing. However, their internal mechanisms are still unclear and this lack of transparency poses unwanted risks for downstream applications.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-30 Haiyan Zhao , Hanjie Chen , Fan Yang , Ninghao Liu , Huiqi Deng , Hengyi Cai , Shuaiqiang Wang , Dawei Yin , Mengnan Du

Are Large language models (LLMs) temporally grounded? Since LLMs cannot perceive and interact with the environment, it is impossible to answer this question directly. Instead, we provide LLMs with textual narratives and probe them with…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-17 Yifu Qiu , Zheng Zhao , Yftah Ziser , Anna Korhonen , Edoardo M. Ponti , Shay B. Cohen

Cognitive systems generally require a human to translate a problem definition into some specification that the cognitive system can use to attempt to solve the problem or perform the task. In this paper, we illustrate that large language…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-06-12 Robert E. Wray , James R. Kirk , John E. Laird

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated impressive performance on multimodal tasks, without any multimodal finetuning. They are the building block for Large Multimodal Models, yet, we still lack a proper understanding of their…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-08 Mustafa Shukor , Matthieu Cord

Large Language Models (LLMs) are unable to reliably reason about specific physical systems. Attempts to imbue LLMs with knowledge of the necessary physics concepts have shown great promise, but explainability and validation remain open…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-22 Sean Memery , Kartic Subr

Vertical text input is commonly encountered in various real-world applications, such as mathematical computations and word-based Sudoku puzzles. While current large language models (LLMs) have excelled in natural language tasks, they remain…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-29 Zhecheng Li , Yiwei Wang , Bryan Hooi , Yujun Cai , Zhen Xiong , Nanyun Peng , Kai-wei Chang

As language models (LMs) deliver increasing performance on a range of NLP tasks, probing classifiers have become an indispensable technique in the effort to better understand their inner workings. A typical setup involves (1) defining an…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-01 Charles Jin , Martin Rinard

There is increasing interest in employing large language models (LLMs) as cognitive models. For such purposes, it is central to understand which properties of human cognition are well-modeled by LLMs, and which are not. In this work, we…

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated exceptional capabilities in various natural language tasks, often achieving performances that surpass those of humans. Despite these advancements, the domain of mathematics presents a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-02 Ankit Satpute , Noah Giessing , Andre Greiner-Petter , Moritz Schubotz , Olaf Teschke , Akiko Aizawa , Bela Gipp

Large Language Models (LLMs) are widely deployed in real-world applications, yet little is known about their training dynamics at the token level. Evaluation typically relies on aggregated training loss, measured at the batch level, which…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-17 Andrea Pinto , Tomer Galanti , Randall Balestriero

Large Language Models trained on code corpora (code-LLMs) have demonstrated impressive performance in various coding assistance tasks. However, despite their increased size and training dataset, code-LLMs still have limitations such as…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-06-19 Abhinav Anand , Shweta Verma , Krishna Narasimhan , Mira Mezini