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In this paper, we propose a new framework for treating the angular information in the pulsar timing array response to a gravitational wave background based on standard cosmic microwave background techniques. We calculate the angular power…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2017-01-17 Elinore Roebber , Gilbert Holder

In this article, we focus on the error that is committed when computing the matrix logarithm using the Gauss--Legendre quadrature rules. These formulas can be interpreted as Pad\'e approximants of a suitable Gauss hypergeometric function.…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2023-10-19 Lidia Aceto , Fabio Durastante

An extensive table of pairs of functions linked by the Legendre transformation is presented. Many special functions and formulas that are used in the sciences are included in the pairs. Formulations are provided for finding the Legendre…

Classical Analysis and ODEs · Mathematics 2022-08-11 Quinn T. Kolt , Steven J. Kilner , David L. Farnsworth

We find that the solution of the polar angular differential equation can be written as the universal associated Legendre polynomials. Its generating function is applied to obtain an analytical result for a class of interesting integrals…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-02-22 Wei Li , Chang-Yuan Chen , Shi-Hai Dong

We are presenting a method for computing the Fourier coefficients of a given polynomial regression by using the trapezoidal rule for numerical integration. As function basis we use the orthogonal Legendre polynomials. The results are…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2013-12-02 Demetris T. Christopoulos

We study efficient algorithms for linear regression and covariance estimation in the absence of Gaussian assumptions on the underlying distributions of samples, making assumptions instead about only finitely-many moments. We focus on how…

In this paper, we study non-linear differential equations associated with Legendre polynomials and their applications. From our study of non- linear differential equations, we derive some new and explicit identities for Legendre…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2016-03-15 Taekyun Kim , Dae san Kim

A new phase-coherent technique for the calibration of polarimetric data is presented. Similar to the one-dimensional form of convolution, data are multiplied by the response function in the frequency domain. Therefore, the system response…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-07 W. van Straten

Pulsar timing arrays (PTAs) detect gravitational waves (GWs) via the correlations they induce in the arrival times of pulses from different pulsars. We assume that the GWs are described by a Gaussian ensemble. The mean correlation $h^2…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2023-08-25 Bruce Allen , Joseph D. Romano

Employing multiple pulsars and using an appropriate algorithm to establish ensemble pulsar timescale can reduce the influences of various noises on the long-term stability of pulsar timescale, compared to a single pulsar. However, due to…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2019-07-24 Feng Gao , Ming-Lei Tong , Yu-Ping Gao , Ting-Gao Yang , Cheng-Shi Zhao

We propose a Gauss-Legendre quadrature based sampling on the rotation group for the representation of a band-limited signal such that the Fourier transform (FT) of a signal can be exactly computed from its samples. Our figure of merit is…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2017-11-27 Zubair Khalid , Salman Durrani , Rodney A. Kennedy , Yves Wiaux , Jason D. McEwen

Spherical Gauss-Laguerre (SGL) basis functions, i. e., normalized functions of the type $L_{n-l-1}^{(l + 1/2)}(r^2) r^l Y_{lm}(\vartheta,\varphi)$, $|m| \leq l < n \in \mathbb{N}$, $L_{n-l-1}^{(l + 1/2)}$ being a generalized Laguerre…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2019-07-09 Christian Wülker

Mapping gravitational-wave background (GWB) anisotropy with pulsar timing arrays (PTAs) is affected by harmonic-space mode suppression and mode coupling arising from an array's nonuniform sky response. Spherical harmonic expansions must be…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2026-02-24 Deepali Agarwal , Joseph D. Romano , Yacine Ali-Haïmoud , Tristan L. Smith

Pulsar Timing Array (PTA) collaborations recently reported evidence for the presence of a gravitational wave background (GWB) in their datasets. The main candidate that is expected to produce such a GWB is the population of supermassive…

Pulsar Timing Arrays have recently reported strong evidence for a stochastic gravitational wave background. In standard analyses, it is modeled through pulsar-dependent Fourier coefficients assumed to follow gaussian statistics, so that the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2026-03-16 Adrien Kuntz , Clemente Smarra , Massimo Vaglio

We introduce a discrete-time fractional calculus of variations on the time scale $h\mathbb{Z}$, $h > 0$. First and second order necessary optimality conditions are established. Examples illustrating the use of the new Euler-Lagrange and…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2010-10-29 Nuno R. O. Bastos , Rui A. C. Ferreira , Delfim F. M. Torres

Gravitational-wave data analysis demands sophisticated statistical noise models in a bid to extract highly obscured signals from data. In Bayesian model comparison, we choose among a landscape of models by comparing their marginal…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2019-06-12 Haochen Wang , Stephen R. Taylor , Michele Vallisneri

Pulsar timing arrays are sensitive to gravitational wave perturbations produced by individual supermassive black hole binaries during their early inspiral phase. Modified gravity theories allow for the emission of gravitational dipole…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2019-07-03 Logan O'Beirne , Neil J. Cornish , Sarah J. Vigeland , Stephen R. Taylor

Pulsars are remarkably precise "celestial clocks" that can be used to explore many different aspects of physics and astrophysics. In this article I give a brief summary of pulsar properties and describe some of the applications of pulsar…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2018-01-16 R N Manchester

The algorithm of the ensemble pulsar time scale (PT$_{\rm ens}$) based on the optimal Wiener filtration method has been proposed. This algorithm allows the separation of the contributions to the post-fit pulsar timing residuals of the…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2011-09-20 Alexander E. Rodin