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RAPID-LLM is a unified performance modeling framework for large language model (LLM) training and inference on GPU clusters. It couples a DeepFlow-based frontend that generates hardware-aware, operator-level Chakra execution traces from an…

Edge computing processes data where it is generated, enabling faster decisions, lower bandwidth usage, and improved privacy. However, edge devices typically operate under strict constraints on processing power, memory, and energy…

Performance · Computer Science 2025-12-10 Pablo Prieto , Pablo Abad

Large Language Models (LLMs) have emerged as powerful tools for natural language processing tasks, revolutionizing the field with their ability to understand and generate human-like text. As the demand for more sophisticated LLMs continues…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-01-13 Christoforos Kachris

Dramatic increases in the capabilities of neural network models in recent years are driven by scaling model size, training data, and corresponding computational resources. To develop the exceedingly large networks required in modern…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-15 Jared Fernandez , Luca Wehrstedt , Leonid Shamis , Mostafa Elhoushi , Kalyan Saladi , Yonatan Bisk , Emma Strubell , Jacob Kahn

Deploying large language models (LLMs) on mobile devices increasingly relies on heterogeneous execution, yet no prior study has systematically characterized NPU effectiveness at the operator and pipeline level. We present the first…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Pu Li , Jiawen Qi , Qinyu Chen

AI accelerator processing capabilities and memory constraints largely dictate the scale in which machine learning workloads (e.g., training and inference) can be executed within a desirable time frame. Training a state of the art,…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2023-10-12 Michael Benington , Leo Phan , Chris Pierre Paul , Evan Shoemaker , Priyanka Ranade , Torstein Collett , Grant Hodgson Perez , Christopher Krieger

Modern large language model workloads put increasing demands on parallel compute capability and on-chip memory capacity, while also stressing fine-grained data movement and synchronization. These trends motivate exploring and designing…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Yinrong Li , Zexin Fu , Yichao Zhang , Germain Haugou , Chi Zhang , Marco Bertuletti , Bowen Wang , Luca Benini

This work elaborates on a High performance computing (HPC) architecture based on Simple Linux Utility for Resource Management (SLURM) [1] for deploying heterogeneous Large Language Models (LLMs) into a scalable inference engine. Dynamic…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Anderson de Lima Luiz , Shubham Vijay Kurlekar , Munir Georges

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities across various fields, from natural language understanding to text generation. Compared to non-generative LLMs like BERT and DeBERTa, generative LLMs like GPT series and…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-06-16 Jinhao Li , Jiaming Xu , Shan Huang , Yonghua Chen , Wen Li , Jun Liu , Yaoxiu Lian , Jiayi Pan , Li Ding , Hao Zhou , Yu Wang , Guohao Dai

In large language model (LLM) training, several parallelization strategies, including Tensor Parallelism (TP), Pipeline Parallelism (PP), Data Parallelism (DP), as well as Sequence Parallelism (SP) and Context Parallelism (CP), are employed…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-12 Kazuki Fujii , Kohei Watanabe , Rio Yokota

The increase in open-source availability of Large Language Models (LLMs) has enabled users to deploy them on more and more resource-constrained edge devices to reduce reliance on network connections and provide more privacy. However, the…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-08-02 Jude Haris , Rappy Saha , Wenhao Hu , José Cano

Large language models (LLMs) have revolutionized AI applications, yet their enormous computational demands severely limit deployment and real-time performance. Quantization methods can help reduce computational costs, however, attaining the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Shaobo Ma , Chao Fang , Haikuo Shao , Zhongfeng Wang

According to the increasing complexity of network application and internet traffic, network processor as a subset of embedded processors have to process more computation intensive tasks. By scaling down the feature size and emersion of chip…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2012-04-13 Mehdi Alipour , Hojjat Taghdisi

The rapid advancements in artificial intelligence (AI), particularly the Large Language Models (LLMs), have profoundly affected our daily work and communication forms. However, it is still a challenge to deploy LLMs on resource-constrained…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-03-03 Mingqiang Huang , Ao Shen , Kai Li , Haoxiang Peng , Boyu Li , Yupeng Su , Hao Yu

Recent advancements in large language models (LLMs) boasting billions of parameters have generated a significant demand for efficient deployment in inference workloads. The majority of existing approaches rely on temporal architectures that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-09 Hongzheng Chen , Jiahao Zhang , Yixiao Du , Shaojie Xiang , Zichao Yue , Niansong Zhang , Yaohui Cai , Zhiru Zhang

Large Language Models (LLMs) have become extremely potent instruments with exceptional capacities for comprehending and producing human-like text in a wide range of applications. However, the increasing size and complexity of LLMs present…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-18 Yingbing Huang , Lily Jiaxin Wan , Hanchen Ye , Manvi Jha , Jinghua Wang , Yuhong Li , Xiaofan Zhang , Deming Chen

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed on customer devices. To support them, current devices are adopting SoCs (System on Chip) with NPUs (Neural Processing Unit) installed. Although high performance is expected, LLM…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-11-17 Jianyu Wei , Qingtao Li , Shijie Cao , Lingxiao Ma , Zixu Hao , Yanyong Zhang , Xiaoyan Hu , Ting Cao

Recent studies have extensively explored NPU architectures for accelerating AI inference in on-device environments, which are inherently resource-constrained. Meanwhile, transformer-based large language models (LLMs) have become dominant,…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-02-16 Jonghun Lee , Junghoon Lee , Hyeonjin Kim , Seoho Jeon , Jisup Yoon , Hyunbin Park , Meejeong Park , Heonjae Ha

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated exceptional performance across a variety of tasks. However, their substantial scale leads to significant computational resource consumption during inference, resulting in high costs.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-13 Zhaode Wang , Jingbang Yang , Xinyu Qian , Shiwen Xing , Xiaotang Jiang , Chengfei Lv , Shengyu Zhang

Recently, large language models (LLMs) have achieved huge success in the natural language processing (NLP) field, driving a growing demand to extend their deployment from the cloud to edge devices. However, deploying LLMs on…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-05-08 Yanbiao Liang , Huihong Shi , Haikuo Shao , Zhongfeng Wang