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We suggest a technique for constructing lower (existence) bounds for the fault-tolerant threshold to scalable quantum computation applicable to degenerate quantum codes with sublinear distance scaling. We give explicit analytic expressions…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-08-05 Ilya Dumer , Alexey A. Kovalev , Leonid P. Pryadko

The high overhead of fault-tolerant measurement sequences (FTMSs) poses a major challenge for implementing quantum stabilizer codes. Here, we address this problem by constructing efficient FTMSs for the class of quantum Hamming codes…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-16 Sha Shi , Xiao-Yang Xu , Min-Quan Cheng , Dong-Sheng Wang , Yun-Jiang Wang

A protocol called the "honeycomb code", or generically a "Floquet code", was introduced by Hastings and Haah in \cite{hastings_dynamically_2021}. The honeycomb code is a subsystem code based on the honeycomb lattice with zero logical qubits…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-12-15 Christophe Vuillot

We propose a new class of error-correcting dynamic codes in two and three dimensions that has no explicit connection to any parent subsystem code. The two-dimensional code, which we call the CSS honeycomb code, is geometrically similar to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-10-26 Margarita Davydova , Nathanan Tantivasadakarn , Shankar Balasubramanian

Exact quantum codes detecting a prescribed set of Pauli errors are approached through algebraic constructions--stabilizer, codeword-stabilized, permutation-invariant, topological, and related families. Geometrically, exact Pauli detection…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-24 Arunaday Gupta , Baisong Sun , Xi He , Bei Zeng

We study the non-unitary dynamics of a class of quantum circuits based on stochastically measuring check operators of subsystem quantum error-correcting codes, such as the Bacon-Shor code and its various generalizations. Our focus is on how…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-12-13 Benedikt Placke , S. A. Parameswaran

Surface codes are the most promising candidates for fault-tolerant quantum computation. Single qudit errors are typically modelled as Pauli operators, to which general errors are converted via randomizing methods. In this Letter, we…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-11-28 Yue Ma , Michael Hanks , M. S. Kim

We construct rotated logical states by applying rotation operators to stabilizer states, extending the logical basis and modifying stabilizer generators. Rotation operators affect the effective code distance $d_R$, which decays…

Single-shot error correction corrects data noise using only a single round of noisy measurements on the data qubits, removing the need for intensive measurement repetition. We introduce a general concept of confinement for quantum codes,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-06-23 Armanda O. Quintavalle , Michael Vasmer , Joschka Roffe , Earl T. Campbell

We analyze the performance of a quantum error correction code subject to physically motivated noise modeled by a Lindblad master equation. We consider dissipative and coherent single-qubit terms and two-qubit crosstalk, studying how…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-04 Zohar Schwartzman-Nowik , Liran Shirizly , Haggai Landa

In this work, we develop a space-time block code for noncoherent communication using techniques from the field of quantum error correction. We decompose the multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) channel into operators from quantum…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2019-01-31 S. Andrew Lanham , Travis C. Cuvelier , Corey Ostrove , Brian La Cour , Granville Ott , Robert Heath

We study a class of gauge fixings of the Bacon-Shor code at the circuit level, which includes a subfamily of generalized surface codes. We show that for these codes, fault tolerance can be achieved by direct measurements of the stabilizers.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-04-15 Shilin Huang , Kenneth R. Brown

Recently, a lot of effort has been devoted towards designing erasure qubits in which dominant physical noise excites leakage states whose population can be detected and returned to the qubit subspace. Interest in these erasure qubits has…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-08-05 Kathleen Chang , Shraddha Singh , Jahan Claes , Kaavya Sahay , James Teoh , Shruti Puri

Topologically-ordered phases are stable to local perturbations, and topological quantum error-correcting codes enjoy thresholds to local errors. We connect the two notions of stability by constructing classical statistical mechanics models…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-02-13 Yaodong Li , Nicholas O'Dea , Vedika Khemani

Quantum error correcting codes typically do not account for quantum state transitions - leakage - out of the computational subspace. Since these errors can last for multiple detection rounds they can significantly contribute to logical…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-05-26 Jeffrey Marshall , Dvir Kafri

Recently, usage of detecting regions facilitated the discovery of new circuits for fault-tolerantly implementing the surface code. Building on these ideas, we present LUCI, a framework for constructing fault-tolerant circuits flexible…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-10 Dripto M. Debroy , Matt McEwen , Craig Gidney , Noah Shutty , Adam Zalcman

We consider the problem of fault-tolerant quantum computation in the presence of slow error diagnostics, either caused by measurement latencies or slow decoding algorithms. Our scheme offers a few improvements over previously existing…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-01-08 Christopher Chamberland , Pavithran Iyer , David Poulin

To produce an operable quantum computer that is made with imperfect hardware, we must design and test scalable quantum error correcting codes that are suited for the devices we can build and, in unison, develop decoding strategies that…

Consider a rectangular grid of qubits in 2D with single-qubit and nearest-neighbor two-qubit operations subject to local stochastic Pauli noise. At different length scales, this setup describes both a single quantum computing device with…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-08 Dylan Harley , Robert Koenig

The performance of a given quantum error correction (QEC) code depends upon the noise model that is assumed. Independent Pauli noise, applied after each quantum operation, is a simplistic noise model that is easy to simulate and understand…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-04 Wayne M. Witzel , Anand Ganti , Tzvetan S. Metodi
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