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Large language models (LLMs) increasingly reach real-world applications, necessitating a better understanding of their behaviour. Their size and complexity complicate traditional assessment methods, causing the emergence of alternative…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-13 Sanne Peereboom , Inga Schwabe , Bennett Kleinberg

Large language models (LLMs) have shown impressive achievements in solving a broad range of tasks. Augmented by instruction fine-tuning, LLMs have also been shown to generalize in zero-shot settings as well. However, whether LLMs closely…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-30 Noah Lee , Na Min An , James Thorne

Multilingual large-scale Pretrained Language Models (PLMs) have been shown to store considerable amounts of factual knowledge, but large variations are observed across languages. With the ultimate goal of ensuring that users with different…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Jirui Qi , Raquel Fernández , Arianna Bisazza

Benchmarks have emerged as the central approach for evaluating Large Language Models (LLMs). The research community often relies on a model's average performance across the test prompts of a benchmark to evaluate the model's performance.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-07 Melissa Ailem , Katerina Marazopoulou , Charlotte Siska , James Bono

The breakthrough of generative large language models (LLMs) that can solve different tasks through chat interaction has led to a significant increase in the use of general benchmarks to assess the quality or performance of these models…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-03 Fabio Barth , Georg Rehm

Large Multimodal Models (LMMs) exhibit impressive cross-modal understanding and reasoning abilities, often assessed through multiple-choice questions (MCQs) that include an image, a question, and several options. However, many benchmarks…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-02-28 Jinsheng Huang , Liang Chen , Taian Guo , Fu Zeng , Yusheng Zhao , Bohan Wu , Ye Yuan , Haozhe Zhao , Zhihui Guo , Yichi Zhang , Jingyang Yuan , Wei Ju , Luchen Liu , Tianyu Liu , Baobao Chang , Ming Zhang

If a Large Language Model (LLM) answers "yes" to the question "Are mountains tall?" then does it know what a mountain is? Can you rely on it responding correctly or incorrectly to other questions about mountains? The success of Large…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-03 Pritish Sahu , Michael Cogswell , Yunye Gong , Ajay Divakaran

We introduce EQ-Bench, a novel benchmark designed to evaluate aspects of emotional intelligence in Large Language Models (LLMs). We assess the ability of LLMs to understand complex emotions and social interactions by asking them to predict…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-04 Samuel J. Paech

Fulfilling user needs through Large Language Model multi-turn, multi-step tool-use is rarely a straightforward process. Real user interactions are inherently wild, being intricate, messy, and flexible. We identify three key challenges from…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-04-09 Peijie Yu , Wei Liu , Yifan Yang , Jinjian Li , Zelong Zhang , Xiao Feng , Feng Zhang

Misalignment in Large Language Models (LLMs) refers to the failure to simultaneously satisfy safety, value, and cultural dimensions, leading to behaviors that diverge from human expectations in real-world settings where these dimensions…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-12 Usman Naseem , Gautam Siddharth Kashyap , Ebad Shabbir , Sushant Kumar Ray , Abdullah Mohammad , Rafiq Ali

Large language models (LLMs) have achieved unprecedented performances in various applications, yet evaluating them is still challenging. Existing benchmarks are either manually constructed or are automatic, but lack the ability to evaluate…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-05 Jio Oh , Soyeon Kim , Junseok Seo , Jindong Wang , Ruochen Xu , Xing Xie , Steven Euijong Whang

Visually linking matching cues is a crucial ability in daily life, such as identifying the same person in multiple photos based on their cues, even without knowing who they are. Despite the extensive knowledge that vision-language models…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-03 Jianshu Zhang , Dongyu Yao , Renjie Pi , Paul Pu Liang , Yi R. Fung

This position paper argues that LLM-based social simulations require clear boundaries to make meaningful contributions to social science. While Large Language Models (LLMs) offer promising capabilities for simulating human behavior, their…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-02-06 Zengqing Wu , Run Peng , Takayuki Ito , Makoto Onizuka , Chuan Xiao

Large Language Models are increasingly deployed as educational tools, yet existing benchmarks focus on narrow skills and lack grounding in learning sciences. We introduce OpenLearnLM Benchmark, a theory-grounded framework evaluating LLMs…

As Large Language Models (LLMs) evolve into lifelong AI assistants, LLM personalization has become a critical frontier. However, progress is currently bottlenecked by the absence of a gold-standard evaluation benchmark. Existing benchmarks…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Jianfei Xiao , Xiang Yu , Chengbing Wang , Wuqiang Zheng , Xinyu Lin , Kaining Liu , Hongxun Ding , Yang Zhang , Wenjie Wang , Fuli Feng , Xiangnan He

Being able to predict people's opinions on issues and behaviors in realistic scenarios can be helpful in various domains, such as politics and marketing. However, conducting large-scale surveys like the European Social Survey to solicit…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-30 Dongjun Kang , Joonsuk Park , Yohan Jo , JinYeong Bak

As large language models (LLMs) become pervasive as assistants and thought partners, it is important to characterize their persuasive influence on users' beliefs. However, a central challenge is to distinguish "beneficial" from "harmful"…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-03-12 Luke Hewitt , Maximilian Kroner Dale , Paul de Font-Reaulx

This paper investigates the ability of large language models (LLMs) to solve statistical tasks, as well as their capacity to assess the quality of reasoning. While state-of-the-art LLMs have demonstrated remarkable performance in a range of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-22 Crish Nagarkar , Leonid Bogachev , Serge Sharoff

Personalized Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly used in diverse applications, where they are assigned a specific persona - such as a happy high school teacher - to guide their responses. While prior research has examined how well…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-10 Manon Reusens , Bart Baesens , David Jurgens

Multi-view understanding, the ability to reconcile visual information across diverse viewpoints for effective navigation, manipulation, and 3D scene comprehension, is a fundamental challenge in Multi-Modal Large Language Models (MLLMs) to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-29 Chun-Hsiao Yeh , Chenyu Wang , Shengbang Tong , Ta-Ying Cheng , Ruoyu Wang , Tianzhe Chu , Yuexiang Zhai , Yubei Chen , Shenghua Gao , Yi Ma