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Today's large language models (LLMs) typically train on short text segments (e.g., <4K tokens) due to the quadratic complexity of their Transformer architectures. As a result, their performance suffers drastically on inputs longer than…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-26 Chi Han , Qifan Wang , Hao Peng , Wenhan Xiong , Yu Chen , Heng Ji , Sinong Wang

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) has emerged as an approach to augment large language models (LLMs) by reducing their reliance on static knowledge and improving answer factuality. RAG retrieves relevant context snippets and generates an…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-21 Juraj Vladika , Florian Matthes

In this paper, we focus on methods to reduce the size and improve the quality of the prompt context required for question-answering systems. Attempts to increase the number of retrieved chunked documents and thereby enlarge the context…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-07-02 Vitaly Bulgakov

Information retrieval in Large Language Models (LLMs) is increasingly recognized as intertwined with generation capabilities rather than mere lookup. While longer contexts are often assumed to improve retrieval, the effects of intra-context…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-01 Chupei Wang , Jiaqiu Vince Sun

The advent of Large Language Models (LLMs) has significantly advanced the field of automated code generation. LLMs rely on large and diverse datasets to learn syntax, semantics, and usage patterns of programming languages. For low-resource…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-02-03 Alessandro Giagnorio , Alberto Martin-Lopez , Gabriele Bavota

Large Language Models (LLMs) often exhibit behavioral artifacts such as laziness (premature truncation of responses or partial compliance with multi-part requests), decoding suboptimality (failure to select higher-quality sequences due to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-25 Yiqing Ma , Jung-Hua Liu

Fine-tuning of Large Language Models (LLMs) for downstream tasks, performed on domain-specific data has shown significant promise. However, commercial use of such LLMs is limited by the high computational cost required for their deployment…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-06 Boris Nazarov , Darya Frolova , Yackov Lubarsky , Alexei Gaissinski , Pavel Kisilev

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown exciting performance in listwise passage ranking. Due to the limited input length, existing methods often adopt the sliding window strategy. Such a strategy, though effective, is inefficient as it…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-12-20 Wenhan Liu , Xinyu Ma , Yutao Zhu , Ziliang Zhao , Shuaiqiang Wang , Dawei Yin , Zhicheng Dou

Long Context Language Models have drawn great attention in the past few years. There has been work discussing the impact of long context on Language Model performance: some find that long irrelevant context could harm performance, while…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Jingzhe Shi , Qinwei Ma , Hongyi Liu , Hang Zhao , Jeng-Neng Hwang , Lei Li

Large Language Models (LLMs) have made significant strides in handling long sequences. Some models like Gemini could even to be capable of dealing with millions of tokens. However, their performance evaluation has largely been confined to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-13 Tianle Li , Ge Zhang , Quy Duc Do , Xiang Yue , Wenhu Chen

As the context limits of Large Language Models (LLMs) increase, the range of possible applications and downstream functions broadens. In many real-world tasks, decisions depend on details scattered across collections of often disparate…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-24 Jonathan Roberts , Kai Han , Samuel Albanie

Large Language Models (LLMs) have garnered widespread attention due to their remarkable performance across various tasks. However, to mitigate the issue of hallucinations, LLMs often incorporate retrieval-augmented pipeline to provide them…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-29 Haowen Hou , Fei Ma , Binwen Bai , Xinxin Zhu , Fei Yu

Large Language Models (LLMs) have been widely applied in various professional fields. By fine-tuning the models using domain specific question and answer datasets, the professional domain knowledge and Q\&A abilities of these models have…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-17 Qimin Yang , Rongsheng Wang , Jiexin Chen , Runqi Su , Tao Tan

The scaling trend in Large Language Models (LLMs) has prioritized increasing the maximum context window to facilitate complex, long-form reasoning and document analysis. However, managing this expanded context introduces severe…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Ahilan Ayyachamy Nadar Ponnusamy , Karthic Chandran , M Maruf Hossain

Large language models (LLMs) have recently shown great potential for in-context learning, where LLMs learn a new task simply by conditioning on a few input-label pairs (prompts). Despite their potential, our understanding of the factors…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-09-12 Ruixiang Tang , Dehan Kong , Longtao Huang , Hui Xue

Improvements in language models' capabilities have pushed their applications towards longer contexts, making long-context evaluation and development an active research area. However, many disparate use-cases are grouped together under the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-08 Omer Goldman , Alon Jacovi , Aviv Slobodkin , Aviya Maimon , Ido Dagan , Reut Tsarfaty

This work investigates the in-context learning abilities of pretrained large language models (LLMs) when instructed to translate text from a low-resource language into a high-resource language as part of an automated machine translation…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-28 Sara Court , Micha Elsner

Using large language models (LMs) for query or document expansion can improve generalization in information retrieval. However, it is unknown whether these techniques are universally beneficial or only effective in specific settings, such…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-02-28 Orion Weller , Kyle Lo , David Wadden , Dawn Lawrie , Benjamin Van Durme , Arman Cohan , Luca Soldaini

By simply incorporating demonstrations into the context, in-context learning (ICL) enables large language models (LLMs) to yield awesome performance on many tasks. In this study, we focus on passage-level long-context ICL for generation…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-09 Hao Sun , Chenming Tang , Gengyang Li , Yunfang Wu

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed for personalized product recommendations, with practitioners commonly assuming that longer user purchase histories lead to better predictions. We challenge this assumption through a…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-01-29 Kargi Chauhan , Mahalakshmi Venkateswarlu