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Related papers: A New Approach to Arguments of Quantum Knowledge

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Commit-and-open Sigma-protocols are a popular class of protocols for constructing non-interactive zero-knowledge arguments and digital-signature schemes via the Fiat-Shamir transformation. Instantiated with hash-based commitments, the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-03-02 Jelle Don , Serge Fehr , Christian Majenz , Christian Schaffner

We construct a classical oracle relative to which $\mathsf{P} = \mathsf{NP}$ yet single-copy secure pseudorandom quantum states exist. In the language of Impagliazzo's five worlds, this is a construction of pseudorandom states in…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-18 William Kretschmer , Luowen Qian , Makrand Sinha , Avishay Tal

This paper introduces quantum analogues of non-interactive perfect and statistical zero-knowledge proof systems. Similar to the classical cases, it is shown that sharing randomness or entanglement is necessary for non-trivial protocols of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Hirotada Kobayashi

We initiate the study of quantum Interactive Oracle Proofs (qIOPs), a generalization of both quantum Probabilistically Checkable Proofs and quantum Interactive Proofs, as well as a quantum analogue of classical Interactive Oracle Proofs. In…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2026-01-22 Baocheng Sun , Thomas Vidick

The MPC-in-the-head technique (Ishai et al., STOC 2007) is a celebrated method to build zero-knowledge protocols with desirable theoretical properties and high practical efficiency. This technique has generated a large body of research and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-07-01 Andrea Coladangelo , Ruta Jawale , Dakshita Khurana , Giulio Malavolta , Hendrik Waldner

A non-interactive ZK (NIZK) proof enables verification of NP statements without revealing secrets about them. However, an adversary that obtains a NIZK proof may be able to clone this proof and distribute arbitrarily many copies of it to…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-09-25 Ruta Jawale , Dakshita Khurana

Higher security and lower failure probability have always been people's pursuits in quantum-oblivious-key-transfer-based private query (QOKT-PQ) protocols since Jacobi \emph{et al}. [Phys. Rev. A 83, 022301 (2011)] proposed the first…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-06-26 Chun-Yan Wei , Xiao-Qiu Cai , Bin Liu , Tian-Yin Wang , Fei Gao

Quantum secret sharing (QSS) schemes without entanglement have huge advantages in scalability and are easier to realize as they only require sequential communications of a single quantum system. However, these schemes often come with…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-12-04 Changbin Lu , Fuyou Miao , Junpeng Hou , Wenchao Huang , Yan Xiong

We initiate the systematic study of QMA algorithms in the setting of property testing, to which we refer as QMA proofs of proximity (QMAPs). These are quantum query algorithms that receive explicit access to a sublinear-size untrusted proof…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-10-17 Marcel Dall'Agnol , Tom Gur , Subhayan Roy Moulik , Justin Thaler

Quantum copy protection uses the unclonability of quantum states to construct quantum software that provably cannot be pirated. Copy protection would be immensely useful, but unfortunately little is known about how to achieve it in general.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-10-19 Scott Aaronson , Jiahui Liu , Qipeng Liu , Mark Zhandry , Ruizhe Zhang

We revisit the so-called compressed oracle technique, introduced by Zhandry for analyzing quantum algorithms in the quantum random oracle model (QROM). To start off with, we offer a concise exposition of the technique, which easily extends…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-07-12 Kai-Min Chung , Serge Fehr , Yu-Hsuan Huang , Tai-Ning Liao

We show the following unconditional results on quantum commitments in two related yet different models: 1. We revisit the notion of quantum auxiliary-input commitments introduced by Chailloux, Kerenidis, and Rosgen (Comput. Complex. 2016)…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-09-09 Tomoyuki Morimae , Barak Nehoran , Takashi Yamakawa

We consider a type of zero-knowledge protocols that are of interest for their practical applications within networks like the Internet: efficient zero-knowledge arguments of knowledge that remain secure against concurrent man-in-the-middle…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Yi Deng , Giovanni Di Crescenzo , Dongdai Lin

In 2012, Groth, et al. [J. ACM, 59 (3), 1-35, 2012] developed some new techniques for noninteractive zero-knowledge (NIZK) and presented: the first perfect NIZK argument system for all NP; the first universally composable NIZK argument for…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-05-17 Zhengjun Cao , Lihua Liu

We provide several advances to the understanding of the class of Quantum Merlin-Arthur proof systems (QMA), the quantum analogue of NP. Our central contribution is proving a longstanding conjecture that the Consistency of Local Density…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-10-13 Anne Broadbent , Alex B. Grilo

The seminal work by Impagliazzo and Rudich (STOC'89) demonstrated the impossibility of constructing classical public key encryption (PKE) from one-way functions (OWF) in a black-box manner. However, the question remains: can quantum PKE…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-05-31 Longcheng Li , Qian Li , Xingjian Li , Qipeng Liu

We begin by establishing structural results for several fundamental quantum complexity classes: p/mBQP, p/mQ(C)MA, $\text{p/mQSZK}_{\text{hv}}$, p/mQIP, p/mBQP/qpoly, p/mBQP/poly, and p/mPSPACE. This includes identifying complete problems,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-04-08 Nai-Hui Chia , Kai-Min Chung , Tzu-Hsiang Huang , Jhih-Wei Shih

We show the following hold, unconditionally unless otherwise stated, relative to a random oracle: - There are NP search problems solvable by quantum polynomial-time machines but not classical probabilistic polynomial-time machines. - There…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-11-12 Takashi Yamakawa , Mark Zhandry

We initiate the study of relativistic zero-knowledge quantum proof of knowledge systems with classical communication, formally defining a number of useful concepts and constructing appropriate knowledge extractors for all the existing…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-12-18 Kaiyan Shi , Kaushik Chakraborty , Wen Yu Kon , Omar Amer , Marco Pistoia , Charles Lim

We construct the first constant-round protocols for secure quantum computation in the two-party (2PQC) and multi-party (MPQC) settings with security against malicious adversaries. Our protocols are in the common random string (CRS) model. -…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-08-17 James Bartusek , Andrea Coladangelo , Dakshita Khurana , Fermi Ma