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In this work, we propose a dissipativity-based method for Lipschitz constant estimation of 1D convolutional neural networks (CNNs). In particular, we analyze the dissipativity properties of convolutional, pooling, and fully connected layers…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-21 Patricia Pauli , Dennis Gramlich , Frank Allgöwer

Due to their susceptibility to adversarial perturbations, neural networks (NNs) are hardly used in safety-critical applications. One measure of robustness to such perturbations in the input is the Lipschitz constant of the input-output map…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-04-30 Patricia Pauli , Anne Koch , Julian Berberich , Paul Kohler , Frank Allgöwer

Deep neural networks (DNNs) have emerged as a popular mathematical tool for function approximation due to their capability of modelling highly nonlinear functions. Their applications range from image classification and natural language…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-12-30 SiQi Zhou , Angela P. Schoellig

Lipschitz continuity characterizes the worst-case sensitivity of neural networks to small input perturbations; yet its dynamics (i.e. temporal evolution) during training remains under-explored. We present a rigorous mathematical framework…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-17 Róisín Luo , James McDermott , Christian Gagné , Qiang Sun , Colm O'Riordan

Lipschitz constant is a fundamental property in certified robustness, as smaller values imply robustness to adversarial examples when a model is confident in its prediction. However, identifying the worst-case adversarial examples is known…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Yongjin Han , Suhyun Kim

Optimizing deep neural networks is largely thought to be an empirical process, requiring manual tuning of several hyper-parameters, such as learning rate, weight decay, and dropout rate. Arguably, the learning rate is the most important of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-08-04 Rahul Yedida , Snehanshu Saha , Tejas Prashanth

Obtaining sharp Lipschitz constants for feed-forward neural networks is essential to assess their robustness in the face of perturbations of their inputs. We derive such constants in the context of a general layered network model involving…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2020-06-23 Patrick L. Combettes , Jean-Christophe Pesquet

Estimating the global Lipschitz constant of neural networks is crucial for understanding and improving their robustness and generalization capabilities. However, precise calculations are NP-hard, and current semidefinite programming (SDP)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-12 Haoqi He , Yan Xiao , Wenzhi Xu , Ruoying Liu , Xiaokai Lin , Kai Wen

In deep learning (DL) the instability phenomenon is widespread and well documented, most commonly using the classical measure of stability, the Lipschitz constant. While a small Lipchitz constant is traditionally viewed as guarantying…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-17 Z. N. D. Liu , A. C. Hansen

The Jacobian matrix (or the gradient for single-output networks) is directly related to many important properties of neural networks, such as the function landscape, stationary points, (local) Lipschitz constants and robustness to…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-02-28 Huan Zhang , Pengchuan Zhang , Cho-Jui Hsieh

This paper presents a tractable algorithm for estimating an unknown Lipschitz function from noisy observations and establishes an upper bound on its convergence rate. The approach extends max-affine methods from convex shape-restricted…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-11-20 Gábor Balázs

Verifying correctness of deep neural networks (DNNs) is challenging. We study a generic reachability problem for feed-forward DNNs which, for a given set of inputs to the network and a Lipschitz-continuous function over its outputs,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-05-08 Wenjie Ruan , Xiaowei Huang , Marta Kwiatkowska

Lipschitz continuity is a crucial functional property of any predictive model, that naturally governs its robustness, generalisation, as well as adversarial vulnerability. Contrary to other works that focus on obtaining tighter bounds and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-16 Grigory Khromov , Sidak Pal Singh

Iterative algorithms solve problems by taking steps until a solution is reached. Models in the form of Deep Thinking (DT) networks have been demonstrated to learn iterative algorithms in a way that can scale to different sized problems at…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-01 Jay Bear , Adam Prügel-Bennett , Jonathon Hare

This article provides a comprehensive understanding of optimization in deep learning, with a primary focus on the challenges of gradient vanishing and gradient exploding, which normally lead to diminished model representational ability and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-14 Xianbiao Qi , Jianan Wang , Lei Zhang

Knowledge distillation has become one of the most important model compression techniques by distilling knowledge from larger teacher networks to smaller student ones. Although great success has been achieved by prior distillation methods…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-08-31 Yuzhang Shang , Bin Duan , Ziliang Zong , Liqiang Nie , Yan Yan

Explainability models are now prevalent within machine learning to address the black-box nature of neural networks. The question now is which explainability model is most effective. Probabilistic Lipschitzness has demonstrated that the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-11 Lachlan Simpson , Kyle Millar , Adriel Cheng , Cheng-Chew Lim , Hong Gunn Chew

Deep Neural Networks are vulnerable to small perturbations that can drastically alter their predictions for perceptually unchanged inputs. The literature on adversarially robust Deep Learning attempts to either enhance the robustness of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Thomas Massena , Corentin Friedrich , Franck Mamalet , Mathieu Serrurier

Neural networks (NNs) have emerged as a state-of-the-art method for modeling nonlinear systems in model predictive control (MPC). However, the robustness of NNs, in terms of sensitivity to small input perturbations, remains a critical…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-08-29 Wallace Tan Gian Yion , Zhe Wu

The Lipschitz constant of a network plays an important role in many applications of deep learning, such as robustness certification and Wasserstein Generative Adversarial Network. We introduce a semidefinite programming hierarchy to…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2020-10-29 Tong Chen , Jean-Bernard Lasserre , Victor Magron , Edouard Pauwels