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Reinforcement Learning (RL) has emerged as a crucial method for training or fine-tuning large language models (LLMs), enabling adaptive, task-specific optimizations through interactive feedback. Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning (MARL), in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Junwei Su , Chuan Wu

Ramp merging is one of the bottlenecks in traffic systems, which commonly cause traffic congestion, accidents, and severe carbon emissions. In order to address this essential issue and enhance the safety and efficiency of connected and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-25 Senkang Hu , Zhengru Fang , Zihan Fang , Yiqin Deng , Xianhao Chen , Yuguang Fang , Sam Kwong

Remarkable progress has been made on automated problem solving through societies of agents based on large language models (LLMs). Existing LLM-based multi-agent systems can already solve simple dialogue tasks. Solutions to more complex…

Multi-agent systems perform well on general reasoning tasks. However, the lack of training in specialized areas hinders their accuracy. Current training methods train a unified large language model (LLM) for all agents in the system. This…

Reaching consensus in urban planning is a complex process often hindered by prolonged negotiations, trade-offs, power dynamics, and competing stakeholder interests, resulting in inefficiencies and inequities. Advances in large language…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2026-01-12 Jin Gao , Hanyong Xu , Luc Dao

Organisations are starting to adopt LLM-based AI agents, with their deployments naturally evolving from single agents towards interconnected, multi-agent networks. Yet a collection of safe agents does not guarantee a safe collection of…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-08-11 Alistair Reid , Simon O'Callaghan , Liam Carroll , Tiberio Caetano

Large language models (LLMs) have revolutionized the field of artificial intelligence, endowing it with sophisticated language understanding and generation capabilities. However, when faced with more complex and interconnected tasks that…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-10-06 Thorsten Händler

Although large language model (LLM) based multi-agent systems (MAS) show their capability to solve complex tasks and achieve higher performance over single agent systems, they lead to huge computational overheads because of heavy…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Ziyang Ma , Dingyi Zhang , Sichu Liang , Jiajia Chu , Pengfei Xia , Hui Zang , Deyu Zhou

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable performance across various tasks. Their potential to facilitate human coordination with many agents is a promising but largely under-explored area. Such capabilities would be helpful…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-04-24 Timothée Anne , Noah Syrkis , Meriem Elhosni , Florian Turati , Franck Legendre , Alain Jaquier , Sebastian Risi

Emergent communication in artificial agents has been studied to understand language evolution, as well as to develop artificial systems that learn to communicate with humans. We show that agents performing a cooperative navigation task in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-07-01 Ivana Kajić , Eser Aygün , Doina Precup

Modern Large Language Models (LLMs) exhibit impressive zero-shot and few-shot generalization capabilities across complex natural language tasks, enabling their widespread use as virtual assistants for diverse applications such as…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-19 Arjun Vaithilingam Sudhakar

Memory systems are critical for LLMs, mitigating context window limitations and supporting long-horizon user-LLM interactions. Such systems typically comprise multiple agents responsible for memory construction and retrieval. Existing…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Wenyu Mao , Haoyang Liu , Haosong Tan , Yaorui Shi , Jiancan Wu , An Zhang , Xiang Wang

We present a framework combining hierarchical and multi-agent deep reinforcement learning approaches to solve coordination problems among a multitude of agents using a semi-decentralized model. The framework extends the multi-agent learning…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2017-12-25 Saurabh Kumar , Pararth Shah , Dilek Hakkani-Tur , Larry Heck

In recent years, Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown great abilities in various tasks, including question answering, arithmetic problem solving, and poem writing, among others. Although research on LLM-as-an-agent has shown that LLM can…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2024-05-21 Chuanneng Sun , Songjun Huang , Dario Pompili

Large language models are increasingly deployed as multi-agent systems, where specialized roles communicate and collaborate through structured interactions to solve complex tasks that often exceed the capacity of a single agent. However,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-28 Yimeng Wang , Jiaxing Zhao , Hongbin Xie , Hexing Ma , Yuzhen Lei , Shuangxue Liu , Xuan Song , Zichen Zhang , Haoran Zhang

This study explores integrating large language models (LLMs) with situational awareness-based planning (SAP) to enhance the decision-making capabilities of AI agents in dynamic and uncertain environments. We employ a multi-agent reasoning…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-06-18 Liman Wang , Hanyang Zhong

Whether in groups of humans or groups of computer agents, collaboration is most effective between individuals who have the ability to coordinate on a joint strategy for collective action. However, in general a rational actor will only…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2016-02-15 Peter M. Krafft , Chris L. Baker , Alex Pentland , Joshua B. Tenenbaum

Multi-agent systems of large language models (LLMs) are rapidly expanding across domains, introducing dynamics not captured by single-agent evaluations. Yet, existing work has mostly contrasted the behavior of a single agent with that of a…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Ariel Flint , Luca Maria Aiello , Romualdo Pastor-Satorras , Andrea Baronchelli

While Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated impressive accomplishments in both reasoning and planning, their abilities in multi-agent collaborations remains largely unexplored. This study evaluates LLM-based agents in a multi-agent…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-28 Huao Li , Yu Quan Chong , Simon Stepputtis , Joseph Campbell , Dana Hughes , Michael Lewis , Katia Sycara

Recent advancements in large language models (LLMs) revolutionize the field of intelligent agents, enabling collaborative multi-agent systems capable of tackling complex problems across various domains. However, the potential of conformity…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-12 Zhiyuan Weng , Guikun Chen , Wenguan Wang