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Accurate multi-turn intent classification is essential for advancing conversational AI systems. However, challenges such as the scarcity of comprehensive datasets and the complexity of contextual dependencies across dialogue turns hinder…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-20 Junhua Liu , Yong Keat Tan , Bin Fu , Kwan Hui Lim

As large language models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed in risk-sensitive applications such as real-world open-ended question answering (QA), ensuring the trustworthiness of their outputs has become critical. Existing selective conformal…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Qingni Wang , Yue Fan , Xin Eric Wang

Routing problems are common in mobile robotics, encompassing tasks such as inspection, surveillance, and coverage. Depending on the objective and constraints, these problems often reduce to variants of the Traveling Salesman Problem (TSP),…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-08 Zhehui Huang , Guangyao Shi , Gaurav S. Sukhatme

The effectiveness of large language models (LLMs) is closely tied to the design of prompts, making prompt optimization essential for enhancing their performance across a wide range of tasks. Many existing approaches to automating prompt…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-08 Sarkar Snigdha Sarathi Das , Ryo Kamoi , Bo Pang , Yusen Zhang , Caiming Xiong , Rui Zhang

With the rapid proliferation of large language models (LLMs) -- each optimized for different strengths, style, or latency/cost profile -- routing has become an essential technique to operationalize the use of different models. However,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-23 Co Tran , Salman Paracha , Adil Hafeez , Shuguang Chen

Large Language Models (LLMs) are revolutionizing how users interact with information systems, yet their high inference cost poses serious scalability and sustainability challenges. Caching inference responses, allowing them to be retrieved…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-16 Xutong Liu , Baran Atalar , Xiangxiang Dai , Jinhang Zuo , Siwei Wang , John C. S. Lui , Wei Chen , Carlee Joe-Wong

Low-rank adaptation (LoRA) enables parameter efficient specialization of large language models (LLMs) through modular adapters, resulting in rapidly growing public adapter pools spanning diverse tasks. Effectively using these adapters…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-02 Akash Dhasade , Anne-Marie Kermarrec , Igor Pavlovic , Diana Petrescu , Rafael Pires , Mathis Randl , Martijn de Vos

Model cascades, in which a cheap LLM defers to an expensive one on low-confidence queries, are widely used to navigate the cost-quality tradeoff at deployment. Existing approaches largely treat the deferral threshold as an empirical…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Dylan Bouchard

Large language models (LLMs) have achieved remarkable progress in the field of natural language processing (NLP), demonstrating remarkable abilities in producing text that resembles human language for various tasks. This opens up new…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-06-05 Jianghao Lin , Xinyi Dai , Rong Shan , Bo Chen , Ruiming Tang , Yong Yu , Weinan Zhang

Large Language Models (LLMs) have emerged as powerful tools for generating coherent text, understanding context, and performing reasoning tasks. However, they struggle with temporal reasoning, which requires processing time-related…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-02 Adrián Bazaga , Rexhina Blloshmi , Bill Byrne , Adrià de Gispert

Self-supervised learning (SSL) for rich speech representations has achieved empirical success in low-resource Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) and other speech processing tasks, which can mitigate the necessity of a large amount of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-07 Yonggan Fu , Yang Zhang , Kaizhi Qian , Zhifan Ye , Zhongzhi Yu , Cheng-I Lai , Yingyan Celine Lin

Large Language Models (LLMs) hold immense potential to generate synthetic data of high quality and utility, which has numerous applications from downstream model training to practical data utilisation. However, contemporary models, despite…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-08-21 Charles O'Neill , Yuan-Sen Ting , Ioana Ciuca , Jack Miller , Thang Bui

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) improves large language models (LLMs) by incorporating external evidence, but it also introduces knowledge conflicts when retrieved contextual knowledge (CK) and parametric knowledge (PK) disagree or are…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Xi Zhu , Ziqi Wang , Kai Mei , Wujiang Xu , Minghao Guo , Bangji Yang , Jiajun Fan , Dimitris N. Metaxas

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated exceptional potential in complex reasoning,pioneering a new paradigm for autonomous agent decision making in dynamic settings. However, in Real-Time Strategy (RTS) scenarios, LLMs suffer from a…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2026-03-26 Li Ma , Hao Peng , Yiming Wang , Hongbin Luo , Jie Liu , Kongjing Gu , Guanlin Wu , Hui Lin , Lei Ren

The rapid proliferation of Large Language Models (LLMs) has led to a fragmented and inefficient ecosystem, a state of ``model lock-in'' where seamlessly integrating novel models remains a significant bottleneck. Current routing frameworks…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Cheng Yan , Wuyang Zhang , Zhiyuan Ning , Fan Xu , Ziyang Tao , Lu Zhang , Bing Yin , Yanyong Zhang

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated exceptional performance across a wide range of natural language tasks. However, selecting the optimal LLM to respond to a user query often necessitates a delicate balance between performance…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-24 Wei Song , Zhenya Huang , Cheng Cheng , Weibo Gao , Bihan Xu , GuanHao Zhao , Fei Wang , Runze Wu

Large Language Models (LLMs) exhibit potential artificial generic intelligence recently, however, their usage is costly with high response latency. Given mixed LLMs with their own strengths and weaknesses, LLM routing aims to identify the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-27 Xinyuan Wang , Yanchi Liu , Wei Cheng , Xujiang Zhao , Zhengzhang Chen , Wenchao Yu , Yanjie Fu , Haifeng Chen

Large Language Models (LLMs) and Multimodal LLMs (MLLMs) have demonstrated immense potential in autonomous driving (AD) by offering human-like reasoning and open-world generalization. However, the excessive computational overhead and high…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Ruoyu Yao , Ruiguo Zhong , Pei Liu , Mingxing Peng , Rui Yang , Jun Ma

Large Language Model (LLM)-powered Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) systems achieve strong performance with limited resources by linking a frozen speech encoder to a pretrained LLM via a lightweight connector. Prior work trains a separate…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Yuchen Zhang , Ravi Shekhar , Haralambos Mouratidis

In recent years, large language models (LLMs) have achieved remarkable success in natural language processing (NLP). LLMs require an extreme amount of parameters to attain high performance. As models grow into the trillion-parameter range,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-10 Zhyar Rzgar K Rostam , Sándor Szénási , Gábor Kertész