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Log data provides crucial insights for tasks like monitoring, root cause analysis, and anomaly detection. Due to the vast volume of logs, automated log parsing is essential to transform semi-structured log messages into structured…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-16 Viktor Beck , Max Landauer , Markus Wurzenberger , Florian Skopik , Andreas Rauber

Spoken Language Understanding (SLU) models are a core component of voice assistants (VA), such as Alexa, Bixby, and Google Assistant. In this paper, we introduce a pipeline designed to extend SLU systems to new languages, utilizing Large…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-04 Jakub Hoscilowicz , Pawel Pawlowski , Marcin Skorupa , Marcin Sowański , Artur Janicki

Causal reasoning is viewed as crucial for achieving human-level machine intelligence. Recent advances in language models have expanded the horizons of artificial intelligence across various domains, sparking inquiries into their potential…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-02 Sirui Chen , Bo Peng , Meiqi Chen , Ruiqi Wang , Mengying Xu , Xingyu Zeng , Rui Zhao , Shengjie Zhao , Yu Qiao , Chaochao Lu

Measuring the performance of natural language processing models is challenging. Traditionally used metrics, such as BLEU and ROUGE, originally devised for machine translation and summarization, have been shown to suffer from low correlation…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-04-26 Kathrin Blagec , Georg Dorffner , Milad Moradi , Simon Ott , Matthias Samwald

Natural Language Understanding (NLU) is a branch of Natural Language Processing (NLP) that uses intelligent computer software to understand texts that encode human knowledge. Recent years have witnessed notable progress across various NLU…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-03-01 Xinliang Frederick Zhang

NLP research has increasingly focused on subjective tasks such as emotion analysis. However, existing emotion benchmarks suffer from two major shortcomings: (1) they largely rely on keyword-based emotion recognition, overlooking crucial…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-29 Tadesse Destaw Belay , Ahmed Haj Ahmed , Alvin Grissom , Iqra Ameer , Grigori Sidorov , Olga Kolesnikova , Seid Muhie Yimam

Large Language Models (LLMs) are commonly trained on multilingual corpora that include Greek, yet reliable evaluation benchmarks for Greek-particularly those based on authentic, native-sourced content-remain limited. Existing datasets are…

Reliable evaluation benchmarks designed for replicability and comprehensiveness have driven progress in machine learning. Due to the lack of a multilingual benchmark, however, vision-and-language research has mostly focused on English…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-07-19 Emanuele Bugliarello , Fangyu Liu , Jonas Pfeiffer , Siva Reddy , Desmond Elliott , Edoardo Maria Ponti , Ivan Vulić

At the staggering pace with which the capabilities of large language models (LLMs) are increasing, creating future-proof evaluation sets to assess their understanding becomes more and more challenging. In this paper, we propose a novel…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-21 Xenia Ohmer , Elia Bruni , Dieuwke Hupkes

Language models have made remarkable advancements in understanding and generating human language, achieving notable success across a wide array of applications. However, evaluating these models remains a significant challenge, particularly…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-07 M. Ali Bayram , Ali Arda Fincan , Ahmet Semih Gümüş , Banu Diri , Savaş Yıldırım , Öner Aytaş

For Pretrained Language Models (PLMs), their susceptibility to noise has recently been linked to subword segmentation. However, it is unclear which aspects of segmentation affect their understanding. This study assesses the robustness of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-15 Xinzhe Li , Ming Liu , Shang Gao

Classical Chinese Understanding (CCU) holds significant value in preserving and exploration of the outstanding traditional Chinese culture. Recently, researchers have attempted to leverage the potential of Large Language Models (LLMs) for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-31 Jiahuan Cao , Yongxin Shi , Dezhi Peng , Yang Liu , Lianwen Jin

Quantitative reasoning is a higher-order reasoning skill that any intelligent natural language understanding system can reasonably be expected to handle. We present EQUATE (Evaluating Quantitative Understanding Aptitude in Textual…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-10-29 Abhilasha Ravichander , Aakanksha Naik , Carolyn Rose , Eduard Hovy

Understanding how data moves, transforms, and persists, known as data flow, is fundamental to reasoning in procedural tasks. Despite their fluency in natural and programming languages, large language models (LLMs), although increasingly…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-02 Vishal Pallagani , Nitin Gupta , John Aydin , Biplav Srivastava

Spoken Language Understanding infers semantic meaning directly from audio data, and thus promises to reduce error propagation and misunderstandings in end-user applications. However, publicly available SLU resources are limited. In this…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-11-30 Emanuele Bastianelli , Andrea Vanzo , Pawel Swietojanski , Verena Rieser

Recently, Large Audio Language Models (LALMs) have progressed rapidly, demonstrating their strong efficacy in universal audio understanding through cross-modal integration. To evaluate LALMs' audio understanding performance, researchers…

Sound · Computer Science 2026-02-16 Han Yin , Jung-Woo Choi

Subjective language understanding refers to a broad set of natural language processing tasks where the goal is to interpret or generate content that conveys personal feelings, opinions, or figurative meanings rather than objective facts.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-12 Changhao Song , Yazhou Zhang , Hui Gao , Ben Yao , Peng Zhang

Discourse understanding is essential for many NLP tasks, yet most existing work remains constrained by framework-dependent discourse representations. This work investigates whether large language models (LLMs) capture discourse knowledge…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-05 Florian Eichin , Yang Janet Liu , Barbara Plank , Michael A. Hedderich

In recent years, Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable versatility across various applications, including natural language understanding, domain-specific knowledge tasks, etc. However, applying LLMs to complex,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-12 Xinqi Yang , Scott Zang , Yong Ren , Dingjie Peng , Zheng Wen

The tasks of idiom understanding and dialect understanding are both well-established benchmarks in natural language processing. In this paper, we propose combining them, and using regional idioms as a test of dialect understanding. Towards…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-08 David Beauchemin , Yan Tremblay , Mohamed Amine Youssef , Richard Khoury