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Ownership verification is currently the most critical and widely adopted post-hoc method to safeguard model copyright. In general, model owners exploit it to identify whether a given suspicious third-party model is stolen from them by…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-09-11 Shuo Shao , Yiming Li , Hongwei Yao , Yiling He , Zhan Qin , Kui Ren

Deep learning has been achieving top performance in many tasks. Since training of a deep learning model requires a great deal of cost, we need to treat neural network models as valuable intellectual properties. One concern in such a…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-01-21 Ryota Namba , Jun Sakuma

As companies continue to invest heavily in larger, more accurate and more robust deep learning models, they are exploring approaches to monetize their models while protecting their intellectual property. Model licensing is promising, but…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-12-04 Huiying Li , Emily Wenger , Shawn Shan , Ben Y. Zhao , Haitao Zheng

As machine- and AI-generated content proliferates, protecting the intellectual property of generative models has become imperative, yet verifying data ownership poses formidable challenges, particularly in cases of unauthorized reuse of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-28 Aditya Desu , Xuanli He , Qiongkai Xu , Wei Lu

The proliferation of AI-generated images has intensified the need for robust content authentication methods. We present InvisMark, a novel watermarking technique designed for high-resolution AI-generated images. Our approach leverages…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-11-21 Rui Xu , Mengya Hu , Deren Lei , Yaxi Li , David Lowe , Alex Gorevski , Mingyu Wang , Emily Ching , Alex Deng

Engineering a top-notch deep learning model is an expensive procedure that involves collecting data, hiring human resources with expertise in machine learning, and providing high computational resources. For that reason, deep learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-03-08 Omid Aramoon , Pin-Yu Chen , Gang Qu

The personalization techniques of diffusion models succeed in generating images with specific concepts. This ability also poses great threats to copyright protection and network security since malicious users can generate unauthorized…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Liangqi Lei , Keke Gai , Jing Yu , Liehuang Zhu , Qi Wu

As large language models (LLMs) grow more powerful, concerns over copyright infringement of LLM-generated texts have intensified. LLM watermarking has been proposed to trace unauthorized redistribution or resale of generated content by…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Qihao Lin , Chen Tang , Lan zhang , Junyang zhang , Xiangyang Li

In recent years, there has been significant advancement in the field of model watermarking techniques. However, the protection of image-processing neural networks remains a challenge, with only a limited number of methods being developed.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-02-20 Huajie Chen , Tianqing Zhu , Chi Liu , Shui Yu , Wanlei Zhou

Model watermarking techniques can embed watermark information into the protected model for ownership declaration by constructing specific input-output pairs. However, existing watermarks are easily removed when facing model stealing…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-13 Yunfei Yang , Xiaojun Chen , Yuexin Xuan , Zhendong Zhao , Xin Zhao , He Li

By and large, existing Intellectual Property (IP) protection on deep neural networks typically i) focus on image classification task only, and ii) follow a standard digital watermarking framework that was conventionally used to protect the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-09-01 Jian Han Lim , Chee Seng Chan , Kam Woh Ng , Lixin Fan , Qiang Yang

Natural language processing (NLP) technology has shown great commercial value in applications such as sentiment analysis. But NLP models are vulnerable to the threat of pirated redistribution, damaging the economic interests of model…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-11-21 Long Dai , Jiarong Mao , Xuefeng Fan , Xiaoyi Zhou

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) are widely deployed in industry, making their intellectual property valuable. However, protecting GNNs from unauthorized use remains a challenge. Watermarking offers a solution by embedding ownership information…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Jane Downer , Yingdan Shi , Ziyan Liu , Ren Wang , Binghui Wang

Deepfakes and manipulated media are becoming a prominent threat due to the recent advances in realistic image and video synthesis techniques. There have been several attempts at combating Deepfakes using machine learning classifiers.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-04-06 Paarth Neekhara , Shehzeen Hussain , Xinqiao Zhang , Ke Huang , Julian McAuley , Farinaz Koushanfar

Ownership verification for neural networks is important for protecting these models from illegal copying, free-riding, re-distribution and other intellectual property misuse. We present a novel methodology for neural network ownership…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-06-27 Feisi Fu , Wenchao Li

Typically, foundation models are hosted on cloud servers to meet the high demand for their services. However, this exposes them to security risks, as attackers can modify them after uploading to the cloud or transferring from a local…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-05-18 Zhaoxia Yin , Heng Yin , Hang Su , Xinpeng Zhang , Zhenzhe Gao

Notwithstanding offering convenience and entertainment to society, Deepfake face swapping has caused critical privacy issues with the rapid development of deep generative models. Due to imperceptible artifacts in high-quality synthetic…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-05 Tianyi Wang , Mengxiao Huang , Harry Cheng , Bin Ma , Yinglong Wang

Watermarking is a commonly used strategy to protect creators' rights to digital images, videos and audio. Recently, watermarking methods have been extended to deep learning models -- in principle, the watermark should be preserved when an…

The proliferation of AIGC-driven face manipulation and deepfakes poses severe threats to media provenance, integrity, and copyright protection. Prior versatile watermarking systems typically rely on embedding explicit localization payloads,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-26 Peipeng Yu , Jinfeng Xie , Chengfu Ou , Xiaoyu Zhou , Jianwei Fei , Yunshu Dai , Zhihua Xia , Chip Hong Chang

Watermarking has become a plausible candidate for ownership verification and intellectual property protection of deep neural networks. Regarding image classification neural networks, current watermarking schemes uniformly resort to backdoor…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-04-12 Fangqi Li , Shilin Wang