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In the era of data-driven intelligence, the paradox of data abundance and annotation scarcity has emerged as a critical bottleneck in the advancement of machine learning. This paper gives a detailed overview of Active Learning (AL), which…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-27 Chiung-Yi Tseng , Junhao Song , Ziqian Bi , Tianyang Wang , Chia Xin Liang , Xinyuan Song , Ming Liu

While deep learning is a powerful tool for natural language processing (NLP) problems, successful solutions to these problems rely heavily on large amounts of annotated samples. However, manually annotating data is expensive and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-04-06 Rishi Hazra , Parag Dutta , Shubham Gupta , Mohammed Abdul Qaathir , Ambedkar Dukkipati

Active learning (AL) has the potential to drastically reduce annotation costs in 3D biomedical image segmentation, where expert labeling of volumetric data is both time-consuming and expensive. Yet, existing AL methods are unable to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Carsten T. Lüth , Jeremias Traub , Kim-Celine Kahl , Till J. Bungert , Lukas Klein , Lars Krämer , Paul F. Jäger , Klaus Maier-Hein , Fabian Isensee

The real-world facial expression recognition (FER) datasets suffer from noisy annotations due to crowd-sourcing, ambiguity in expressions, the subjectivity of annotators and inter-class similarity. However, the recent deep networks have…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-08-23 Darshan Gera , Naveen Siva Kumar Badveeti , Bobbili Veerendra Raj Kumar , S Balasubramanian

With the development of deep learning, numerous methods for low-light image enhancement (LLIE) have demonstrated remarkable performance. Mainstream LLIE methods typically learn an end-to-end mapping based on pairs of low-light and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-01-14 Jiahui Tang , Kaihua Zhou , Zhijian Luo , Yueen Hou

Software fault prediction (SFP) is a critical task in software engineering, enabling early identification of faults in modules to improve software quality and reduce maintenance costs. This research investigates the combined effects of…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Ahmad Nauman Ghazi , Nagajyothi Devarapalli , Ashir Javeed , Sadi Alawadi , Fahed Alkhabbas , Khalid AlKharabsheh

Foreground segmentation is an essential task in the field of image understanding. Under unsupervised conditions, different images and instances always have variable expressions, which make it difficult to achieve stable segmentation…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-05-22 Xi Li , Huimin Ma , Hongbing Ma , Yidong Wang

Existing active learning (AL) strategies capture fundamentally different notions of data value, e.g., uncertainty or representativeness. Consequently, the effectiveness of strategies can vary substantially across datasets, models, and even…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-27 Denis Huseljic , Marek Herde , Lukas Rauch , Paul Hahn , Bernhard Sick

Large amounts of annotated data have become more important than ever, especially since the rise of deep learning techniques. However, manual annotations are costly. We propose a tool that enables researchers to create large, high-quality,…

Digital Libraries · Computer Science 2021-12-23 Franziska Weeber , Felix Hamborg , Karsten Donnay , Bela Gipp

Real-world fine-grained visual retrieval often requires discovering a rare concept from large unlabeled collections with minimal supervision. This is especially critical in biodiversity monitoring, ecological studies, and long-tailed visual…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-09 Kawtar Zaher , Olivier Buisson , Alexis Joly

This paper proposes asal, a new GAN based active learning method that generates high entropy samples. Instead of directly annotating the synthetic samples, ASAL searches similar samples from the pool and includes them for training. Hence,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-12-24 Christoph Mayer , Radu Timofte

Federated learning (FL) offers a privacy-centric distributed learning framework, enabling model training on individual clients and central aggregation without necessitating data exchange. Nonetheless, FL implementations often suffer from…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-05-13 Rongyu Zhang , Yun Chen , Chenrui Wu , Fangxin Wang , Bo Li

Feature Transformation is crucial for classic machine learning that aims to generate feature combinations to enhance the performance of downstream tasks from a data-centric perspective. Current methodologies, such as manual expert-driven…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-27 Tianqi He , Xiaohan Huang , Yi Du , Qingqing Long , Ziyue Qiao , Min Wu , Yanjie Fu , Yuanchun Zhou , Meng Xiao

The generalisation performance of a convolutional neural networks (CNN) is majorly predisposed by the quantity, quality, and diversity of the training images. All the training data needs to be annotated in-hand before, in many real-world…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-01-02 Jaya Krishna Mandivarapu , Blake Camp , Rolando Estrada

In recent years, deep neural networks (DNNs) have been found very successful for multi-label classification (MLC) of remote sensing (RS) images. Self-supervised pre-training combined with fine-tuning on a randomly selected small training…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-06-22 Lars Möllenbrok , Begüm Demir

Active learning (AL) is a human-and-model-in-the-loop paradigm that iteratively selects informative unlabeled data for human annotation, aiming to improve over random sampling. However, performing AL experiments with human annotations…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-24 Katerina Margatina , Nikolaos Aletras

CNN visualization and interpretation methods, like class-activation maps (CAMs), are typically used to highlight the image regions linked to class predictions. These models allow to simultaneously classify images and extract class-dependent…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-11-17 Soufiane Belharbi , Ismail Ben Ayed , Luke McCaffrey , Eric Granger

Image resampling is a basic technique that is widely employed in daily applications, such as camera photo editing. Recent deep neural networks (DNNs) have made impressive progress in performance by introducing learned data priors. Still,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-16 Jiacheng Li , Chang Chen , Fenglong Song , Youliang Yan , Zhiwei Xiong

This paper proposes an active learning (AL) algorithm to solve regression problems based on inverse-distance weighting functions for selecting the feature vectors to query. The algorithm has the following features: (i) supports both…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-12-15 Alberto Bemporad

Active learning (AL) optimizes data labeling efficiency by selecting the most informative instances for annotation. A key component in this procedure is an acquisition function that guides the selection process and identifies the suitable…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-08 Abdul Hameed Azeemi , Ihsan Ayyub Qazi , Agha Ali Raza