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Optimal constructions of classical LDPC codes can be obtained by choosing the Tanner graph uniformly at random among biregular graphs. We introduce a class of codes that we call ``diffusion codes'', defined by placing each edge connecting…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-19 Adithya Sriram , Vedika Khemani , Benedikt Placke

A graph reaction--diffusion (RD) equation is a system of differential equations that is defined on the nodes of a graph. Consider a sequence of growing graphs that converges in cut norm to a limiting graphon. We show that the solutions of…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2026-04-24 Edith J. Zhang , James Scott , Qiang Du

Effective graph resistance is a fundamental structural metric in network science, widely used to quantify global connectivity, compare network architectures, and assess robustness in flow-based systems. Despite its importance, current…

Physics and Society · Physics 2026-01-05 Xiangrong Wang , Xin Yu , Zongze Wu , Yamir Moreno

An interfacial approximation of the streamer stage in the evolution of sparks and lightning can be formulated as a Laplacian growth model regularized by a 'kinetic undercooling' boundary condition. Using this model we study both the…

Pattern Formation and Solitons · Physics 2010-07-02 Chiu-Yen Kao , Fabian Brau , Ute Ebert , Lothar Schaefer , Saleh Tanveer

Diffusion Policy has shown great performance in robotic manipulation tasks under stochastic perturbations, due to its ability to model multimodal action distributions. Nonetheless, its reliance on a computationally expensive reverse-time…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-11-20 Gabriel Lauzier , Alexandre Girard , François Ferland

We investigate a class of stochastic partial differential equations of reaction-diffusion type defined on graphs, which can be derived as the limit of SPDEs on narrow planar channels. In the first part, we demonstrate that this limit can be…

Probability · Mathematics 2024-03-21 Sandra Cerrai , Wen-Tai Hsu

In studying network growth, the conventional approach is to devise a growth mechanism, quantify the evolution of a statistic or distribution (such as the degree distribution), and then solve the equations in the steady state (the…

Physics and Society · Physics 2014-11-05 Babak Fotouhi

Reaction-diffusion processes across layered media arise in several scientific domains such as pattern-forming E. coli on agar substrates, epidermal-mesenchymal coupling in development, and symmetry-breaking in cell polarisation. We develop…

Pattern Formation and Solitons · Physics 2020-09-18 Andrew L. Krause , Václav Klika , Jacob Halatek , Paul K. Grant , Thomas E. Woolley , Neil Dalchau , Eamonn A. Gaffney

Graphs with diverse structural characteristics play a central role in modelling and optimization tasks. The ability to generate different types of graphs that exhibit shared properties is likewise essential for algorithm selection and…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Hendrik Richter , Frank Neumann

The popularity of deep learning techniques renewed the interest in neural architectures able to process complex structures that can be represented using graphs, inspired by Graph Neural Networks (GNNs). We focus our attention on the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-09-02 Matteo Tiezzi , Giuseppe Marra , Stefano Melacci , Marco Maggini

Graph generative modelling has become an essential task due to the wide range of applications in chemistry, biology, social networks, and knowledge representation. In this work, we propose a novel framework for generating graphs by adapting…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-02-04 Anthony Stephenson , Ian Gallagher , Christopher Nemeth

Controllability of complex networks arises in many technological problems involving social, financial, road, communication, and smart grid networks. In many practical situations, the underlying topology might change randomly with time, due…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2020-01-08 Fernando Gama , Elvin Isufi , Alejandro Ribeiro , Geert Leus

Diffusion models have emerged as powerful generative models for graph generation, yet their use for conditional graph generation remains a fundamental challenge. In particular, guiding diffusion models on graphs under arbitrary reward…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Victor M. Tenorio , Nicolas Zilberstein , Santiago Segarra , Antonio G. Marques

We study the inductive biases of diffusion models with a conditioning-variable, which have seen widespread application as both text-conditioned generative image models and observation-conditioned continuous control policies. We observe that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-23 Daniel Pfrommer , Zehao Dou , Christopher Scarvelis , Max Simchowitz , Ali Jadbabaie

Consider the random graph sampled uniformly from the set of all simple graphs with a given degree sequence. Under mild conditions on the degrees, we establish a Large Deviation Principle (LDP) for these random graphs, viewed as elements of…

Probability · Mathematics 2020-11-25 Souvik Dhara , Subhabrata Sen

We develop a theory of ultrametric graphons as limiting objects for random networks with nested hierarchical community structure. A graphon $W:[0,1]^2\to[0,1]$ is called ultrametric if $W(x,y)=w(d(x,y))$, where $d$ is an ultrametric on…

Spectral Theory · Mathematics 2026-05-14 Ángel Alfredo Morán Ledezma

A challenging problem in estimating high-dimensional graphical models is to choose the regularization parameter in a data-dependent way. The standard techniques include $K$-fold cross-validation ($K$-CV), Akaike information criterion (AIC),…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2010-06-18 Han Liu , Kathryn Roeder , Larry Wasserman

Joint network topology inference represents a canonical problem of jointly learning multiple graph Laplacian matrices from heterogeneous graph signals. In such a problem, a widely employed assumption is that of a simple common component…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2021-07-09 Yanli Yuan , De Wen Soh , Xiao Yang , Kun Guo , Tony Q. S. Quek

For a simple and connected graph, several lower and upper bounds of graph invariants expressed in terms of the eigenvalues of the normalized Laplacian matrix have been proposed in literature. In this paper, through a unified approach based…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2017-01-27 Gian Paolo Clemente , Alessandra Cornaro

We present a method for proving upper bounds on the eigenvalues of the graph Laplacian. A main step involves choosing an appropriate "Riemannian" metric to uniformize the geometry of the graph. In many interesting cases, the existence of…

Metric Geometry · Mathematics 2011-07-26 Jonathan A. Kelner , James R. Lee , Gregory N. Price , Shang-Hua Teng