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We study optimal synthesis of Clifford circuits, and apply the results to peep-hole optimization of quantum circuits. We report optimal circuits for all Clifford operations with up to four inputs. We perform peep-hole optimization of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-11-12 Vadym Kliuchnikov , Dmitri Maslov

Clifford quantum circuits are elementary invertible transformations of quantum systems that map Pauli operators to Pauli operators. We study periodic one-parameter families of Clifford circuits, called loops of Clifford circuits, acting on…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2023-11-30 Roman Geiko , Yichen Hu

The Clifford defect is a rational number associated to the Weierstrass semigroup at a given point of an algebraic curve. It describes the error-correcting capability of the so-called Modified Algorithm for decoding the corresponding…

Prevailing proposals for the first generation of quantum computers make use of 2-level systems, or qubits, as the fundamental unit of quantum information. However, recent innovations in quantum error correction and magic state distillation…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-02-18 Luke E. Heyfron , Earl Campbell

A fundamental problem of fault-tolerant quantum computation with quantum low-density parity-check (qLDPC) codes is the tradeoff between connectivity and universality. It is widely believed that in order to perform native logical…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-13 Guanyu Zhu , Ryohei Kobayashi , Po-Shen Hsin

When visualised as an operation on the Bloch sphere, the qubit "pi-over-eight" gate corresponds to one-eighth of a complete rotation about the vertical axis. This simple gate often plays an important role in quantum information theory,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2012-08-17 Mark Howard , Jiri Vala

The Gottesman-Knill theorem holds that operations from the Clifford group, when combined with preparation and detection of qubit states in the computational basis, are insufficient for universal quantum computation. Indeed, any measurement…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-04-13 David J. Clarke , Jay D. Sau , Sankar Das Sarma

Assuming the polynomial hierarchy is infinite, we prove a sufficient condition for determining if uniform and polynomial size quantum circuits over a non-universal gate set are not efficiently classically simulable in the weak…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-23 Chaitanya Karamchedu , Matthew Fox , Daniel Gottesman

The study of the boundary between classically simulable and computationally complex quantum dynamics is fundamental to understanding which physical resources may enable enhanced information-processing capabilities. We investigate this…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-08 Moein N. Ivaki , Matias Karjula , Tapio Ala-Nissila

The Clifford spectrum is an elegant way to define the joint spectrum of several Hermitian operators. While it has been know that for examples as small as three $2$-by-$2$ matrices the Clifford spectrum can be a two-dimensional manifold, few…

Operator Algebras · Mathematics 2019-11-06 Patrick H. DeBonis , Terry A. Loring , Roman Sverdlov

Let $C$ be a curve of genus $g$ over a field $k$. We describe probabilistic algorithms for addition and inversion of the classes of rational divisors in the Jacobian of $C$. After a precomputation, which is done only once for the curve $C$,…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2007-08-22 Kamal Khuri-Makdisi

We study two-qubit circuits over the Clifford+CS gate set, which consists of the Clifford gates together with the controlled-phase gate CS=diag(1,1,1,i). The Clifford+CS gate set is universal for quantum computation and its elements can be…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-06-21 Andrew N. Glaudell , Neil J. Ross , Jacob M. Taylor

In this paper we consider some Lie groups in complexified Clifford algebras. Using relations between operations of conjugation in Clifford algebras and matrix operations we prove isomorphisms between these groups and classical matrix groups…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2024-12-24 D. S. Shirokov

We present an algorithm for performing quantum process tomography on an unknown $n$-qubit unitary $C$ from the Clifford group. Our algorithm uses Bell basis measurements to deterministically learn $C$ with $4n + 3$ queries, which is the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-21 Timothy Skaras , Paul Ginsparg

The goal of benchmarking is to determine how far the output of a noisy system is from its ideal behavior; this becomes exceedingly difficult for large quantum systems where classical simulations become intractable. A common approach is to…

We give a general proof for the existence and realizability of Clifford gates in the Ising topological quantum computer. We show that all quantum gates that can be implemented by braiding of Ising anyons are Clifford gates. We find that the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-03-17 Andre Ahlbrecht , Lachezar S. Georgiev , Reinhard F. Werner

The Clifford group is the set of gates generated by the controlled not gates, the Hadamard gate and the P={{1,0},{0,i}} gate. We will say that a n-qubit state is a Clifford state if it can be prepared using Clifford gates. In this paper we…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-04-21 Frederic Latour , Oscar Perdomo

Clifford gates play a role in the optimisation of Clifford+T circuits. Reducing the count and the depth of Clifford gates, as well as the optimal scheduling of T gates, influence the hardware and the time costs of executing quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-06-18 Alexandru Paler , Robert Basmadjian

We show that the smoothed complexity of the FLIP algorithm for local Max-Cut is at most $\smash{\phi n^{O(\sqrt{\log n})}}$, where $n$ is the number of nodes in the graph and $\phi$ is a parameter that measures the magnitude of…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2019-11-26 Xi Chen , Chenghao Guo , Emmanouil-Vasileios Vlatakis-Gkaragkounis , Mihalis Yannakakis , Xinzhi Zhang

Parallel operations in conventional computing have proven to be an essential tool for efficient and practical computation, and the story is not different for quantum computing. Indeed, there exists a large body of works that study…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-02-02 Nikodem Grzesiak , Andrii Maksymov , Pradeep Niroula , Yunseong Nam
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