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Click-through rate (CTR) and post-click conversion rate (CVR) predictions are two fundamental modules in industrial ranking systems such as recommender systems, advertising, and search engines. Since CVR involves much fewer samples than CTR…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-02-17 Xuanji Xiao , Huabin Chen , Yuzhen Liu , Xing Yao , Pei Liu , Chaosheng Fan , Nian Ji , Xirong Jiang

User journeys in e-commerce routinely violate the one-to-one assumption that a clicked item on an advertising platform is the same item later purchased on the merchant's website/app. For a significant number of converting sessions on our…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-07-22 Xiangyu Zeng , Amit Jaspal , Bin Liu , Goutham Panneeru , Kevin Huang , Nicolas Bievre , Mohit Jaggi , Prathap Maniraju , Ankur Jain

For recommender systems in internet platforms, search activities provide additional insights into user interest through query-click interactions with items, and are thus widely used for enhancing personalized recommendation. However, these…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-12-02 Jiajun Cui , Xu Chen , Shuai Xiao , Chen Ju , Jinsong Lan , Qingwen Liu , Wei Zhang

Recommendation systems have been extensively studied by many literature in the past and are ubiquitous in online advertisement, shopping industry/e-commerce, query suggestions in search engines, and friend recommendation in social networks.…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2021-05-11 Farzaneh Rajabi , Jack Siyuan He

In web search and recommendation systems, user clicks are widely used to train ranking models. However, click data is heavily biased, i.e., users tend to click higher-ranked items (position bias), choose only what was shown to them…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-12 Haoming Gong , Qingyao Ai , Zhihao Tao , Yongfeng Zhang

Click-through rate(CTR) prediction is a core task in cost-per-click(CPC) advertising systems and has been studied extensively by machine learning practitioners. While many existing methods have been successfully deployed in practice, most…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2022-01-19 Ke Hu , Yi Qi , Jianqiang Huang , Jia Cheng , Jun Lei

Click-through rate (CTR) prediction is crucial for personalized online services. Sample-level retrieval-based models, such as RIM, have demonstrated remarkable performance. However, they face challenges including inference inefficiency and…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-10-07 Huanshuo Liu , Bo Chen , Menghui Zhu , Jianghao Lin , Jiarui Qin , Yang Yang , Hao Zhang , Ruiming Tang

Decision support systems for classification tasks are predominantly designed to predict the value of the ground truth labels. However, since their predictions are not perfect, these systems also need to make human experts understand when…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-17 Eleni Straitouri , Manuel Gomez Rodriguez

The conversion rate (CVR) is a crucial metric for evaluating the effectiveness of platforms, as it quantifies the alignment of content with audience preferences. However, the limited nature of customers' conversion actions presents a…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Guohao Cai , Jun Yuan , Zhenhua Dong

Improved search quality enhances users' satisfaction, which directly impacts sales growth of an E-Commerce (E-Com) platform. Traditional Learning to Rank (LTR) algorithms require relevance judgments on products. In E-Com, getting such…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2020-07-10 Muhammad Umer Anwaar , Dmytro Rybalko , Martin Kleinsteuber

Conversational recommender systems (CRSs) aim to provide recommendation services via natural language conversations. Although a number of approaches have been proposed for developing capable CRSs, they typically rely on sufficient training…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-21 Xiaolei Wang , Kun Zhou , Xinyu Tang , Wayne Xin Zhao , Fan Pan , Zhao Cao , Ji-Rong Wen

The field of generating recommendations within the framework of causal inference has seen a recent surge, with recommendations being likened to treatments. This approach enhances insights into the influence of recommendations on user…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-08-21 Guanglin Zhou , Chengkai Huang , Xiaocong Chen , Xiwei Xu , Chen Wang , Liming Zhu , Lina Yao

Counterfactual learning to rank (CLTR) has attracted extensive attention in the IR community for its ability to leverage massive logged user interaction data to train ranking models. While the CLTR models can be theoretically unbiased when…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-29 Zechun Niu , Zhilin Zhang , Jiaxin Mao , Qingyao Ai , Ji-Rong Wen

Click-Through Rate (CTR) prediction models are integral to a myriad of industrial settings, such as personalized search advertising. Current methods typically involve feature extraction from users' historical behavior sequences combined…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-16 Lingwei Kong , Lu Wang , Changping Peng , Zhangang Lin , Ching Law , Jingping Shao

Click-through rate (CTR) prediction becomes indispensable in ubiquitous web recommendation applications. Nevertheless, the current methods are struggling under the cold-start scenarios where the user interactions are extremely sparse. We…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2021-09-30 Yujie Pan , Jiangchao Yao , Bo Han , Kunyang Jia , Ya Zhang , Hongxia Yang

Post-click conversion rate (CVR) prediction is an essential task for discovering user interests and increasing platform revenues in a range of industrial applications. One of the most challenging problems of this task is the existence of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-15 Quanyu Dai , Haoxuan Li , Peng Wu , Zhenhua Dong , Xiao-Hua Zhou , Rui Zhang , Rui zhang , Jie Sun

Click-through rate (CTR) prediction is a vital task in industrial recommendation systems. Most existing methods focus on the network architecture design of the CTR model for better accuracy and suffer from the data sparsity problem.…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-12-19 Qi Liu , Xuyang Hou , Defu Lian , Zhe Wang , Haoran Jin , Jia Cheng , Jun Lei

Visually-aware recommendation on E-commerce platforms aims to leverage visual information of items to predict a user's preference. It is commonly observed that user's attention to visual features does not always reflect the real preference.…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2021-07-14 Ruihong Qiu , Sen Wang , Zhi Chen , Hongzhi Yin , Zi Huang

Implicit feedback (e.g., click, dwell time) is an attractive source of training data for Learning-to-Rank, but its naive use leads to learning results that are distorted by presentation bias. For the special case of optimizing average rank…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2019-08-28 Aman Agarwal , Kenta Takatsu , Ivan Zaitsev , Thorsten Joachims

In most real-world online advertising systems, advertisers typically have diverse customer acquisition goals. A common solution is to use multi-task learning (MTL) to train a unified model on post-click data to estimate the conversion rate…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Qinglin Jia , Zhaocheng Du , Chuhan Wu , Huifeng Guo , Ruiming Tang , Shuting Shi , Muyu Zhang