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Related papers: Multilingual Routing in Mixture-of-Experts

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The Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) architecture is a powerful technique for scaling language models, yet it often suffers from expert homogenization, where experts learn redundant functionalities, thereby limiting MoE's full potential. To address…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Jiaang Li , Haibin Chen , Langming Liu , Yujin Yuan , Yadao Wang , Yizhen Zhang , Chengting Yu , Xin Tong , Weidong Zhang , Shilei Liu , Wenbo Su , Bo Zheng

Transformer-based models have recently made significant advances in accurate time-series forecasting, but even these architectures struggle to scale efficiently while capturing long-term temporal dynamics. Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) layers…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Evandro S. Ortigossa , Eran Segal

Sparse Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) models scale parameters while fixing active computation per token, but the specialization of individual experts remains opaque. In a companion paper we showed that routing topology is quality-neutral: five…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-17 Ivan Ternovtsii , Yurii Bilak

The advent of Large Language Models (LLMs) has ushered in a new era of artificial intelligence, with the potential to transform various sectors through automation and insightful analysis. The Mixture of Experts (MoE) architecture has been…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-22 Xurui Li , Juanjuan Yao

Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) in Large Language Models (LLMs) routes each token through a subset of specialized Feed-Forward Networks (FFN), known as experts. We present SteerMoE, a framework to steer MoE models by detecting and controlling…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-13 Mohsen Fayyaz , Ali Modarressi , Hanieh Deilamsalehy , Franck Dernoncourt , Ryan Rossi , Trung Bui , Hinrich Schütze , Nanyun Peng

Mixture of experts (MoE) architectures have become a cornerstone for scaling up and are a key component in most large language models such as GPT-OSS, DeepSeek-V3, Llama-4, and Gemini-2.5. However, systematic research on MoE remains…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-11 Nam V. Nguyen , Thong T. Doan , Luong Tran , Van Nguyen , Quang Pham

Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) has gained increasing popularity as a promising framework for scaling up large language models (LLMs). However, training MoE from scratch in a large-scale setting still suffers from data-hungry and instability…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-25 Tong Zhu , Xiaoye Qu , Daize Dong , Jiacheng Ruan , Jingqi Tong , Conghui He , Yu Cheng

The sparse Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) architecture of large language models (LLMs) confronts an inherent issue of load imbalance arising from the simplistic linear router strategy, which ultimately causes the instability and inefficient…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Ting Bai , Yue Yu , Le Huang , Zenan Xu , Chuan Shi

Due to the inherent difficulty in modeling phonetic similarities across different languages, code-switching speech recognition presents a formidable challenge. This study proposes a Collaborative-MoE, a Mixture of Experts (MoE) model that…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-06 Hukai Huang , Jiayan Lin , Kaidi Wang , Yishuang Li , Wenhao Guan , Lin Li , Qingyang Hong

Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) architectures have emerged as a cornerstone of modern AI systems. In particular, MoEs route inputs dynamically to specialized experts whose outputs are aggregated through weighted summation. Despite their widespread…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-09 Fangshuo Liao , Anastasios Kyrillidis

Multi-lingual speech recognition aims to distinguish linguistic expressions in different languages and integrate acoustic processing simultaneously. In contrast, current multi-lingual speech recognition research follows a language-aware…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-02-28 Yoohwan Kwon , Soo-Whan Chung

Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) has become a dominant architecture for scaling Large Language Models (LLMs) efficiently by decoupling total parameters from computational cost. However, this decoupling creates a critical challenge: predicting the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-22 Changxin Tian , Kunlong Chen , Jia Liu , Ziqi Liu , Zhiqiang Zhang , Jun Zhou

By increasing model parameters but activating them sparsely when performing a task, the use of Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) architecture significantly improves the performance of Large Language Models (LLMs) without increasing the inference…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Zeliang Zhang , Xiaodong Liu , Hao Cheng , Chenliang Xu , Jianfeng Gao

Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) models can scale parameter capacity by routing each token to a subset of experts through a learned gate function. While conditional routing reduces training costs, it shifts the burden on inference memory: expert…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Rana Shahout , Colin Cai , Yilun Du , Minlan Yu , Michael Mitzenmacher

Transformer-based Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) models have been driving several recent technological advancements in Natural Language Processing (NLP). These MoE models adopt a router mechanism to determine which experts to activate for routing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-11 Maryam Akhavan Aghdam , Hongpeng Jin , Yanzhao Wu

Modern applications increasingly involve many heterogeneous input streams, such as clinical sensors, wearable device data, imaging, and text, each with distinct measurement models, sampling rates, and noise characteristics. We define this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Xing Han , Hsing-Huan Chung , Joydeep Ghosh , Paul Pu Liang , Suchi Saria

Mixtures of Experts (MoEs) have gained prominence in (self-)supervised learning due to their enhanced inference efficiency, adaptability to distributed training, and modularity. Previous research has illustrated that MoEs can significantly…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-27 Timon Willi , Johan Obando-Ceron , Jakob Foerster , Karolina Dziugaite , Pablo Samuel Castro

Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) benefits from a dynamic routing mechanism among their specialized experts, which existing Parameter- Efficient Fine-Tuning (PEFT) strategies fail to leverage. This motivates us to investigate whether adaptation…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Yilun Liu , Yunpu Ma , Yuetian Lu , Shuo Chen , Zifeng Ding , Volker Tresp

Mixture-of-experts (MoE) models facilitate efficient scaling; however, training the router network introduces the challenge of optimizing a non-differentiable, discrete objective. Recently, a fully-differentiable MoE architecture, SMEAR,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-20 Zexuan Zhong , Mengzhou Xia , Danqi Chen , Mike Lewis

Mixture of Experts (MoE) models based on Transformer architecture are pushing the boundaries of language and vision tasks. The allure of these models lies in their ability to substantially increase the parameter count without a…