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Monotonic linear interpolation (MLI) - on the line connecting a random initialization with the minimizer it converges to, the loss and accuracy are monotonic - is a phenomenon that is commonly observed in the training of neural networks.…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-02-15 Xiang Wang , Annie N. Wang , Mo Zhou , Rong Ge

We analyze gradient descent with randomly weighted data points in a linear regression model, under a generic weighting distribution. This includes various forms of stochastic gradient descent, importance sampling, but also extends to…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-12-12 Gabriel Clara , Yazan Mash'al

In this paper, we propose a method to perform empirical analysis of the loss landscape of machine learning (ML) models. The method is applied to two ML models for scientific sensing, which necessitates quantization to be deployed and are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-17 Tommaso Baldi , Javier Campos , Olivia Weng , Caleb Geniesse , Nhan Tran , Ryan Kastner , Alessandro Biondi

Model merging combines fine-tuned checkpoints into a single multi-task model without retraining. Existing methods - such as task arithmetic, model soups, TIES, and DARE - are computationally efficient and empirically successful, but rely on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Bethan Evans , Benjamin Etheridge , Stephen Roberts , Jared Tanner

Merging multiple expert models offers a promising approach for performing multi-task learning without accessing their original data. Existing methods attempt to alleviate task conflicts by sparsifying task vectors or promoting orthogonality…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Yongxian Wei , Anke Tang , Li Shen , Zixuan Hu , Chun Yuan , Xiaochun Cao

Model merging has emerged as a practical paradigm for integrating multiple independently trained models into a single model without joint retraining. Previous studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of combining parameters through…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Zhikang Chen , Sen Cui , Deheng Ye , Min Zhang , Gang Niu , Yu Zhang , Masashi Sugiyama , Tingting Zhu

We present a class of novel optimisers for training neural networks that makes use of the Riemannian metric naturally induced when the loss landscape is embedded in higher-dimensional space. This is the same metric that underlies common…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-05 Thomas R. Harvey

Model merging unifies independently fine-tuned LLMs from the same base, enabling reuse and integration of parallel development efforts without retraining. However, in practice we observe that merging does not always succeed: certain…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-11 Yuan Cao , Dezhi Ran , Yuzhe Guo , Mengzhou Wu , Simin Chen , Linyi Li , Wei Yang , Tao Xie

Neural network training relies on our ability to find "good" minimizers of highly non-convex loss functions. It is well-known that certain network architecture designs (e.g., skip connections) produce loss functions that train easier, and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-11-08 Hao Li , Zheng Xu , Gavin Taylor , Christoph Studer , Tom Goldstein

Weight-space model merging combines independently fine-tuned models without accessing original training data, offering a practical alternative to joint training. While merging succeeds in multitask settings, its behavior in multilingual…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-06 Baban Gain , Asif Ekbal , Trilok Nath Singh

One of the most common problem-solving heuristics is by analogy. For a given problem, a solver can be viewed as a strategic walk on its fitness landscape. Thus if a solver works for one problem instance, we expect it will also be effective…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-06 Mingyu Huang , Ke Li

Model merging aims to integrate multiple task-specific models into a unified model that inherits the capabilities of the task-specific models, without additional training. Existing model merging methods often lack consideration of the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-07 Yue Zhou , Yi Chang , Yuan Wu

Merging has become a widespread way to cheaply combine individual models into a single model that inherits their capabilities and attains better performance. This popularity has spurred rapid development of many new merging methods, which…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-30 Derek Tam , Yash Kant , Brian Lester , Igor Gilitschenski , Colin Raffel

Model merging (e.g., via interpolation or task arithmetic) fuses multiple models trained on different tasks to generate a multi-task solution. The technique has been proven successful in previous studies, where the models are trained on…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-10-12 Yi-Lin Sung , Linjie Li , Kevin Lin , Zhe Gan , Mohit Bansal , Lijuan Wang

Neural scaling laws relate loss to model size in large language models (LLMs), yet depth and width may contribute to performance differently, requiring more detailed studies. Here, we quantify how depth affects loss via analysis of LLMs and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-06 Yizhou Liu , Sara Kangaslahti , Ziming Liu , Jeff Gore

Recent work on permutation-based model merging has shown impressive low- or zero-barrier mode connectivity between models from completely different initializations. However, this line of work has not yet extended to the Transformer…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-17 Neha Verma , Maha Elbayad

Deep model fusion/merging is an emerging technique that merges the parameters or predictions of multiple deep learning models into a single one. It combines the abilities of different models to make up for the biases and errors of a single…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-09-28 Weishi Li , Yong Peng , Miao Zhang , Liang Ding , Han Hu , Li Shen

This work characterizes the effect of depth on the optimization landscape of linear regression, showing that, despite their nonconvexity, deeper models have more desirable optimization landscape. We consider a robust and over-parameterized…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-07-18 Jianhao Ma , Salar Fattahi

Model merging is a flexible and computationally tractable approach to merge single-task checkpoints into a multi-task model. Prior work has solely focused on constrained multi-task settings where there is a one-to-one mapping between a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-16 Juan Garcia Giraldo , Nikolaos Dimitriadis , Ke Wang , Pascal Frossard

Multimodal learning integrates information from different modalities to enhance model performance, yet it often suffers from modality imbalance, where dominant modalities overshadow weaker ones during joint optimization. This paper reveals…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-17 Xiaoyu Ma , Hao Chen