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We discuss a number of prominent theoretical challenges in the physics of ultrarelativistic heavy ion collisions, and review some recent attempts to tackle them. These examples cover most stages of the collision process, but emphasis is…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2015-11-05 Aleksi Vuorinen

Central nuclear collisions at energies far above 1 GeV/nucleon may provide for conditions, where the transition from highly excited hadronic matter into quark matter or quark-gluon plasma can be probed. Here I review our current…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2009-10-22 Berndt Mueller

I discuss an approach to derive from first principles, a real-time formalism to study the dynamical interplay of quantum and statistical-kinetic properties of non-equilibrium multi-parton systems produced in high-energy QCD processes. The…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2007-05-23 Klaus Geiger

We review the transport properties of the strongly interacting quark-gluon plasma (QGP) created in heavy-ion collisions at ultrarelativistic energies, i.e. out-of equilibrium, and compare them to the equilibrium properties. The description…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2021-12-15 Olga Soloveva , Pierre Moreau , Elena Bratkovskaya

In this review, we present an up-to-date phenomenological summary of research developments in the physics of the Quark--Gluon Plasma (QGP). A short historical perspective and theoretical motivation for this rapidly developing field of…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2017-01-30 Roman Pasechnik , Michal Šumbera

The hot and dense QCD matter, known as the Quark-Gluon Plasma (QGP), is explored through heavy-ion collision experiments at the LHC and RHIC. Jets and heavy flavors, produced from the initial hard scattering, are used as hard probes to…

I review the current status of lattice Monte-Carlo computations of the equation of state of QCD, our current understanding of the thermalization process at collider energies, and two new theoretical developments, one pertaining to the…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2008-02-03 Berndt Muller

Heavy-ion collisions at very high colliding energies are expected to produce a quark-gluon plasma (QGP) at the highest temperature obtainable in a laboratory setting. Experimental studies of these reactions can provide an unprecedented…

A critical review on signatures of Quark-Gluon-Plasma formation is given and the current (1998) experimental status is discussed. After giving an introduction to the properties of QCD matter in both, equilibrium- and non-equilibrium…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2009-10-31 S. A. Bass , M. Gyulassy , H. Stoecker , W. Greiner

Theoretical studies on the early-time dynamics in the ultra-relativistic heavy-ion collisions are reviewed including pedagogical introductions on the initial condition with small-x gluons treated as a color glass condensate, the bottom-up…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2017-01-04 Kenji Fukushima

I retrace the developments from Hagedorn's concept of a limiting temperature for hadronic matter to the discovery and characterization of the quark-gluon plasma as a new state of matter. My recollections begin with the transformation more…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2016-01-20 Berndt Müller

In the last few years, numerical simulations of QCD on the lattice have reached a new level of accuracy. A wide range of thermodynamic quantities is now available in the continuum limit and for physical quark masses. This allows a…

High Energy Physics - Lattice · Physics 2018-07-25 Claudia Ratti

High-energy heavy-ion collisions provide a unique opportunity to study the properties of the hot and dense strongly-interacting system composed of deconfined quarks and gluons -- the quark-gluon plasma (QGP) -- in laboratory conditions. The…

High Energy Physics - Experiment · Physics 2018-08-07 Mateusz Ploskon

The diffusion of heavy quarks through the quark-gluon plasma (QGP) as produced in high-energy heavy-ion collisions has long been recognized as an excellent probe of its transport properties. In addition, the experimentally observed…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2023-04-05 Min He , Hendrik van Hees , Ralf Rapp

The early stage of a heavy-ion collision is marked by rapid entropy production and the transition from a gluon saturated initial condition to a plasma of quarks and gluons that evolves hydrodynamically. However, during the early times of…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2026-01-15 Andrew Gordeev , Steffen A. Bass , Berndt Mueller , Jean-Francois Paquet

The ultimate aim of high energy heavy ion collisions is to study quark deconfinement and the quark-gluon plasma predicted by quantum chromodynamics. This requires the identification of observables calculable in QCD and measurable in heavy…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2015-06-17 Helmut Satz

This M.Sc. thesis in Engineering Physics is an overview of the present theory of quark-gluon plasma (QGP) as well as an analysis of the stability criterion for possible stable cosmic QGP objects left over from the quark-hadron transition in…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2007-05-23 Daniel Enstrom

The early production of heavy quarks ($c\bar{c}$ and $b\bar{b}$) makes charmonia an ideal probe to study the evolution of the hot and dense medium produced in ultra-relativistic heavy-ion collisions, known as the quark--gluon plasma (QGP).…

Nuclear Experiment · Physics 2025-09-10 Ingrid McKibben Lofnes

The relativistic Fokker Planck equation has been used to study the evolution of the quark distribution in the quark gluon phase expected to be formed in ultra-relativistic heavy ion collisions. The effect of thermal masses for quarks and…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2009-10-30 Pradip Roy , Jane Alam , Sourav Sarkar , Bikash Sinha , Sibaji Raha