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Large Language Models (LLMs) excel in language tasks but are prone to hallucinations and outdated knowledge. Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) mitigates these by grounding LLMs in external knowledge. However, in complex domains involving…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-28 Peiran Zhou , Junnan Zhu , Yichen Shen , Ruoxi Yu

Large language models (LLMs) generate outputs by utilizing extensive context, which often includes redundant information from prompts, retrieved passages, and interaction history. In critical applications, it is vital to identify which…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Poushali Sengupta , Shashi Raj Pandey , Sabita Maharjan , Frank Eliassen

Mobile edge Large Language Model (LLM) deployments face inherent constraints, such as limited computational resources and network bandwidth. Although Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) mitigates some challenges by integrating external…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-01-17 Guangyuan Liu , Yinqiu Liu , Jiacheng Wang , Hongyang Du , Dusit Niyato , Jiawen Kang , Zehui Xiong

Large language models (LLMs) have been proposed as supervisory agents for spacecraft operations, but existing approaches rely on static prompting and do not improve across repeated executions. We introduce \textsc{GUIDE}, a non-parametric…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2026-04-16 Alejandro Carrasco , Mariko Storey-Matsutani , Victor Rodriguez-Fernandez , Richard Linares

Large Language Models (LLMs) have advanced artificial intelligence by enabling human-like text generation and natural language understanding. However, their reliance on static training data limits their ability to respond to dynamic,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-02 Aditi Singh , Abul Ehtesham , Saket Kumar , Tala Talaei Khoei , Athanasios V. Vasilakos

Large language models (LLMs) often struggle with context fidelity, producing inconsistent answers when responding to questions based on provided information. Existing approaches either rely on expensive supervised fine-tuning to generate…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-18 Suyuchen Wang , Jinlin Wang , Xinyu Wang , Shiqi Li , Xiangru Tang , Sirui Hong , Xiao-Wen Chang , Chenglin Wu , Bang Liu

This paper introduces RAISE (Reasoning and Acting through Scratchpad and Examples), an advanced architecture enhancing the integration of Large Language Models (LLMs) like GPT-4 into conversational agents. RAISE, an enhancement of the ReAct…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-31 Na Liu , Liangyu Chen , Xiaoyu Tian , Wei Zou , Kaijiang Chen , Ming Cui

Large Language Model (LLM) agents struggle with long-horizon software engineering tasks due to "Context Bloat." As interaction history grows, computational costs explode, latency increases, and reasoning capabilities degrade due to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Nikhil Verma

Large language model (LLM) agents have demonstrated strong capabilities in long-horizon tasks by interleaving reasoning with tool use. However, as these agents scale to complex workflows such as software engineering and open-ended research,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Junde Wu , Minhao Hu , Jiayuan Zhu , Jiazhen Pan , Yuyuan Liu , Min Xu , Yueming Jin

Reinforcement Learning (RL) agents often struggle to generalize knowledge to new tasks, even those structurally similar to ones they have mastered. Although recent approaches have attempted to mitigate this issue via zero-shot transfer,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-13 Ajsal Shereef Palattuparambil , Thommen George Karimpanal , Santu Rana

The growing prominence of LLMs has led to an increase in the development of AI tutoring systems. These systems are crucial in providing underrepresented populations with improved access to valuable education. One important area of education…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-03 Ryan Shea , Aymen Kallala , Xin Lucy Liu , Michael W. Morris , Zhou Yu

The evolution of Large Language Models (LLMs) from passive text generators to autonomous, goal-driven systems represents a fundamental shift in artificial intelligence. This chapter examines the emergence of agentic AI systems that…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-07 Nadia Sibai , Yara Ahmed , Serry Sibaee , Sawsan AlHalawani , Adel Ammar , Wadii Boulila

In the past year, large language models (LLMs) have had remarkable success in domains outside the traditional natural language processing, and their capacity is further expanded into the so-called LLM agents when connected with external…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-17 Weizhe Chen , Sven Koenig , Bistra Dilkina

Large Language Model (LLM) agents are increasingly improved through interaction, yet most self-evolution methods adapt either the policy or the learning environment in isolation. We identify this structural gap as \emph{Agent-Environment…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Yihao Hu , Zhihao Wen , Xiujin Liu , Pan Wang , Xin Zhang , Wei Wu

Central to many self-improvement pipelines for large language models (LLMs) is the assumption that models can improve by reflecting on past mistakes. We study a phenomenon termed contextual drag: the presence of failed attempts in the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-04 Yun Cheng , Xingyu Zhu , Haoyu Zhao , Sanjeev Arora

The evolution of Large Language Models (LLMs) into autonomous agents necessitates the management of extensive, dynamic contexts. Current benchmarks, however, remain largely static, relying on passive retrieval tasks that fail to simulate…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-02 Shicheng Fang , Yuxin Wang , Xiaoran Liu , Jiahao Lu , Chuanyuan Tan , Xinchi Chen , Yining Zheng , Xuanjing Huang , Xipeng Qiu

Reinforcement learning (RL) has driven breakthroughs in AI, from game-play to scientific discovery and AI alignment. However, its broader applicability remains limited by challenges such as low data efficiency and poor generalizability.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Xidong Yang , Wenhao Li , Junjie Sheng , Chuyun Shen , Yun Hua , Xiangfeng Wang

Autonomous agents powered by large language models (LLMs) have the potential to significantly enhance human productivity by reasoning, using tools, and executing complex tasks in diverse environments. However, current approaches to…

Large Language Models (LLMs) have achieved impressive progress across a wide range of tasks, yet their heavy reliance on English-centric training data leads to significant performance degradation in non-English languages. While existing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-20 Hamin Koo , Jaehyung Kim

Reinforcement learning (RL) has become a pivotal component of large language model (LLM) post-training, and agentic RL extends this paradigm to operate as agents through multi-turn interaction and tool use. Scaling such systems exposes two…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-10-08 Zheyue Tan , Mustapha Abdullahi , Tuo Shi , Huining Yuan , Zelai Xu , Chao Yu , Boxun Li , Bo Zhao