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Despite recent advances in LLM quantization, activation quantization remains to be challenging due to the activation outliers. Conventional remedies, e.g., mixing precisions for different channels, introduce extra overhead and reduce the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-07 Seungwoo Son , Wonpyo Park , Woohyun Han , Kyuyeun Kim , Jaeho Lee

The KV cache in large language models is a dominant factor in memory usage, limiting their broader applicability. Quantizing the cache to lower bit widths is an effective way to reduce computational costs; however, previous methods struggle…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-04 Songhao Wu , Ang Lv , Xiao Feng , Yufei Zhang , Xun Zhang , Guojun Yin , Wei Lin , Rui Yan

Existing weight-activation quantization methods for Large Language Models (LLMs) primarily address channel-wise outliers but often neglect token-wise outliers, which limits the accuracy of quantized models. In this work, we propose…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-28 Mengzhao Chen , Yi Liu , Jiahao Wang , Yi Bin , Wenqi Shao , Ping Luo

The impressive capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs) come at the cost of substantial computational resources during deployment. While KV Cache can significantly reduce recomputation during inference, it also introduces additional…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-19 Yi Su , Yuechi Zhou , Quantong Qiu , Juntao Li , Qingrong Xia , Ping Li , Xinyu Duan , Zhefeng Wang , Min Zhang

The Key-Value (KV) cache introduces substantial memory overhead during large language model (LLM) inference. Although existing vector quantization (VQ) methods reduce KV cache usage and provide flexible representational capacity across…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-08 Dingyu Yao , Chenxu Yang , Zhengyang Tong , Zheng Lin , Wei Liu , Jian Luan , Weiping Wang

Transformer models have been widely adopted in various domains over the last years, and especially large language models have advanced the field of AI significantly. Due to their size, the capability of these networks has increased…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-10 Yelysei Bondarenko , Markus Nagel , Tijmen Blankevoort

Visual tokenizers are fundamental to image generation. They convert visual data into discrete tokens, enabling transformer-based models to excel at image generation. Despite their success, VQ-based tokenizers like VQGAN face significant…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-28 Zechen Bai , Jianxiong Gao , Ziteng Gao , Pichao Wang , Zheng Zhang , Tong He , Mike Zheng Shou

Post-training quantization (PTQ) of large language models (LLMs) holds the promise in reducing the prohibitive computational cost at inference time. Quantization of all weight, activation and key-value (KV) cache tensors to 4-bit without…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-05 Utkarsh Saxena , Sayeh Sharify , Kaushik Roy , Xin Wang

In the field of instruction-following large vision-language models (LVLMs), the efficient deployment of these models faces challenges, notably due to the high memory demands of their key-value (KV) caches. Conventional cache management…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-26 Zuyan Liu , Benlin Liu , Jiahui Wang , Yuhao Dong , Guangyi Chen , Yongming Rao , Ranjay Krishna , Jiwen Lu

The rapid deployment of Large Language Models (LLMs) highlights the need for efficient low-bit post-training quantization (PTQ), due to their high memory costs. A key challenge in weight quantization is the presence of outliers, which…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Xinlin Li , Osama Hanna , Christina Fragouli , Suhas Diggavi

Outliers in weights and activations pose a key challenge for fixed-point quantization of neural networks. While they can be addressed by fine-tuning, this is not practical for ML service providers (e.g., Google or Microsoft) who often…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-05-28 Ritchie Zhao , Jordan Dotzel , Zhanqiu Hu , Preslav Ivanov , Christopher De Sa , Zhiru Zhang

Quantizing the activations of large language models (LLMs) has been a significant challenge due to the presence of structured outliers. Most existing methods focus on the per-token or per-tensor quantization of activations, making it…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-28 Jinguang Wang , Yuexi Yin , Haifeng Sun , Qi Qi , Jingyu Wang , Zirui Zhuang , Tingting Yang , Jianxin Liao

Transformer architecture has become the fundamental element of the widespread natural language processing~(NLP) models. With the trends of large NLP models, the increasing memory and computation costs hinder their efficient deployment on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-22 Xiuying Wei , Yunchen Zhang , Xiangguo Zhang , Ruihao Gong , Shanghang Zhang , Qi Zhang , Fengwei Yu , Xianglong Liu

Recently, large vision-language models (LVLMs) have rapidly gained popularity for their strong generation and reasoning capabilities given diverse multimodal inputs. However, these models incur significant computational and memory overhead…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-20 Ao Wang , Hui Chen , Jiaxin Li , Jianchao Tan , Kefeng Zhang , Xunliang Cai , Zijia Lin , Jungong Han , Guiguang Ding

Post-training quantization (PTQ) is a primary approach for deploying large language models without fine-tuning, and the quantized performance is often strongly affected by the calibration in PTQ. By contrast, in vision-language models…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Zhenhao Shang , Haizhao Jing , Guoting Wei , Haokui Zhang , Rong Xiao , Jianqing Gao , Peng Wang

Vision-Language-Navigation (VLN) models exhibit excellent navigation accuracy but incur high computational overhead. Token caching has emerged as a promising training-free strategy to reduce this cost by reusing token computation results;…

Deploying Vision-Language Models (VLMs) under aggressive low-bit inference remains challenging because inference cost is dominated by the long visual-token prefix during prefill and the growing KV cache during autoregressive decoding. Token…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Xinqing Li , Xin He , Xindong Zhang , Ming-Ming Cheng , Lei Zhang , Yun Liu

Subword tokenization requires balancing computational efficiency and vocabulary coverage, which often leads to suboptimal performance on languages and scripts not prioritized during training. We propose to augment pretrained language models…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-12 Jonas F. Lotz , Hendra Setiawan , Stephan Peitz , Yova Kementchedjhieva

Vector quantization is a fundamental technique for compression and large-scale nearest neighbor search. For high-accuracy operating points, multi-codebook quantization associates data vectors with one element from each of multiple…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-08 Théophane Vallaeys , Matthew Muckley , Jakob Verbeek , Matthijs Douze

This paper explores the improvement of post-training quantization (PTQ) after knowledge distillation in the Whisper speech foundation model family. We address the challenge of outliers in weights and activation tensors, known to impede…

Sound · Computer Science 2024-06-18 Dominik Wagner , Ilja Baumann , Korbinian Riedhammer , Tobias Bocklet
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