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Recent progress in LLMs discussion suggests that multi-agent discussion improves the reasoning abilities of LLMs. In this work, we reevaluate this claim through systematic experiments, where we propose a novel group discussion framework to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-29 Qineng Wang , Zihao Wang , Ying Su , Hanghang Tong , Yangqiu Song

Multi-agent LLM systems improve reasoning by combining outputs from multiple agents, but interaction-heavy methods can introduce error propagation and high communication overhead. When agents exchange raw responses or reasoning traces,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Yi Li , Songtao Wei , Dongming Jiang , Zhichun Guo , Qiannan Li , Bingzhe Li

The use of AI in legal analysis and prediction (LegalAI) has gained widespread attention, with past research focusing on retrieval-based methods and fine-tuning large models. However, these approaches often require large datasets and…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-04-09 Xi Chen , Mao Mao , Shuo Li , Haotian Shangguan

Self-improvement, where models improve beyond their current performance without external supervision, remains a challenge. The core difficulty is sourcing a training signal stronger than what the model itself can currently produce. Majority…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-02 Ankur Samanta , Akshayaa Magesh , Runzhe Wu , Ayush Jain , Youliang Yu , Daniel Jiang , Boris Vidolov , Paul Sajda , Yonathan Efroni , Kaveh Hassani

Ensuring factuality is essential for the safe use of Large Language Models (LLMs) in high-stakes domains such as medicine and law. Conformal inference provides distribution-free guarantees, but existing approaches are either overly…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Kangjun Noh , Seongchan Lee , Ilmun Kim , Kyungwoo Song

Multi-agent debate system (MAD) imitating the process of human discussion in pursuit of truth, aims to align the correct cognition of different agents for the optimal solution. It is challenging to make various agents perform right and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-12 Haotian Wang , Xiyuan Du , Weijiang Yu , Qianglong Chen , Kun Zhu , Zheng Chu , Lian Yan , Yi Guan

Multiagent collaboration has emerged as a promising framework for enhancing the reasoning capabilities of large language models (LLMs). Despite improvements in reasoning, the approach introduces substantial computational overhead resulting…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-21 Sugyeong Eo , Hyeonseok Moon , Evelyn Hayoon Zi , Chanjun Park , Heuiseok Lim

Multi-Agent Discussion (MAD) has garnered increasing attention very recently, where multiple LLM instances collaboratively solve problems via structured discussion. However, we find that current MAD methods easily suffer from discussion…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Xingyuan Hua , Sheng Yue , Xinyi Li , Yizhe Zhao , Jinrui Zhang , Ju Ren

Multi-agent systems have evolved into practical LLM-driven collaborators for many applications, gaining robustness from diversity and cross-checking. However, multi-agent RL (MARL) training is resource-intensive and unstable: co-adapting…

We introduce AgenticSimLaw, a role-structured, multi-agent debate framework that provides transparent and controllable test-time reasoning for high-stakes tabular decision-making tasks. Unlike black-box approaches, our courtroom-style…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-30 Jon Chun , Kathrine Elkins , Yong Suk Lee

Due to strong capabilities in conducting fluent, multi-turn conversations with users, Large Language Models (LLMs) have the potential to further improve the performance of Conversational Recommender System (CRS). Unlike the aimless…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-02-05 Jiabao Fang , Shen Gao , Pengjie Ren , Xiuying Chen , Suzan Verberne , Zhaochun Ren

Scalable oversight protocols aim to enable humans to accurately supervise superhuman AI. In this paper we study debate, where two AI's compete to convince a judge; consultancy, where a single AI tries to convince a judge that asks…

Automating structured clinical interviews could revolutionize mental healthcare accessibility, yet existing large language models (LLMs) approaches fail to align with psychiatric diagnostic protocols. We present MAGI, the first framework…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-28 Guanqun Bi , Zhuang Chen , Zhoufu Liu , Hongkai Wang , Xiyao Xiao , Yuqiang Xie , Wen Zhang , Yongkang Huang , Yuxuan Chen , Libiao Peng , Yi Feng , Minlie Huang

Large Language Models (LLMs) have advanced autonomous agents' planning and decision-making, yet they struggle with complex tasks requiring diverse expertise and multi-step reasoning. Multi-Agent Debate (MAD) systems, introduced in NLP…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-03-18 Jina Chun , Qihong Chen , Jiawei Li , Iftekhar Ahmed

Large Language Models (LLMs) often produce answers with a single chain-of-thought, which restricts their ability to explore reasoning paths or self-correct flawed outputs in complex tasks. In this paper, we introduce MALT (Multi-Agent LLM…

Multi-agent AI systems can be used for simulating collective decision-making in scientific and practical applications. They can also be used to introduce a diverse group discussion step in chatbot pipelines, enhancing the cultural…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-08-16 Razan Baltaji , Babak Hemmatian , Lav R. Varshney

When LLM-based multi-agent systems disagree, current practice treats this as noise to be resolved through consensus. We propose it can be signal. We focus on hate speech moderation, a domain where judgments depend on cultural context and…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Michał Wawer , Jarosław A. Chudziak

Recent advancements in large language models (LLMs) have given rise to the LLM-as-a-judge paradigm, showcasing their potential to deliver human-like judgments. However, in the field of machine translation (MT) evaluation, current…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-21 Zhaopeng Feng , Jiayuan Su , Jiamei Zheng , Jiahan Ren , Yan Zhang , Jian Wu , Hongwei Wang , Zuozhu Liu

Argument Mining (AM) is a foundational technology for automated writing evaluation, yet traditional supervised approaches rely heavily on expensive, domain-specific fine-tuning. While Large Language Models (LLMs) offer a training-free…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Jakub Bąba , Jarosław A. Chudziak

LLM-as-Judge has emerged as a scalable alternative to human evaluation, enabling large language models (LLMs) to provide reward signals in trainings. While recent work has explored multi-agent extensions such as multi-agent debate and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-19 Chiyu Ma , Enpei Zhang , Yilun Zhao , Wenjun Liu , Yaning Jia , Peijun Qing , Lin Shi , Arman Cohan , Yujun Yan , Soroush Vosoughi