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We develop machinery to explicitly determine, in many instances, when the difference $x^2-y^n$ is divisible only by powers of a given fixed prime. This combines a wide variety of techniques from Diophantine approximation (bounds for linear…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2023-09-20 Michael A. Bennett , S. Siksek

Given quantities $\Delta_1,\Delta_2,\dots\geqslant 0$, a fundamental problem in Diophantine approximation is to understand which irrational numbers $x$ have infinitely many reduced rational approximations $a/q$ such that $|x-a/q|<\Delta_q$.…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2022-11-23 Dimitris Koukoulopoulos

On any complex smooth projective curve with positive genus, we construct Hilbert bundles that admit Hermitian--Einstein metrics. Our main constructive step is by investigating the arithmetic property of the upper half plane in Bridgeland's…

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2025-07-08 Yucheng Liu , Biao Ma

We establish the convergence theory of multiplicative Diophantine approximation for all non-degenerate, smooth manifolds. We also settle said convergence theory for all affine subspaces satisfying a highly generic and essentially optimal…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2026-02-12 Sam Chow , Rajula Srivastava , Niclas Technau , Han Yu

Solving non-linear Diophantine systems lies at the mathematical core of integer optimization and cryptography. While the general unbounded problem is undecidable, even over bounded integer domains it remains classically intractable in the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-22 Gabriel Escrig , M. A. Martin-Delgado

We deduce Diophantine arithmetic inequalities for big linear systems and with respect to finite extensions of number fields. Our starting point is the Parametric Subspace Theorem, for linear forms, as formulated by Evertse and Ferretti…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2023-06-30 Nathan Grieve

In this paper, we establish improved effective irrationality measures for certain numbers of the form $\sqrt[3]{n}$, using approximations obtained from hypergeometric functions. These results are very close to the best possible using this…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2012-02-01 P. M. Voutier

We prove analogues of some classical results from Diophantine approximation and metric number theory (namely Dirichlet's theorem and the Duffin--Schaeffer theorem) in the setting of diagonal Diophantine approximation, i.e. approximating…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2016-10-27 Matthew Palmer

This paper explores multiple closely related themes: bounding the complexity of Diophantine equations over the integers and developing mathematical proofs in parallel with formal theorem provers. Hilbert's Tenth Problem (H10) asks about the…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2025-07-01 Jonas Bayer , Marco David , Malte Hassler , Yuri Matiyasevich , Dierk Schleicher

We establish a new upper bound for the number of rationals up to a given height in a missing-digit set, making progress towards a conjecture of Broderick, Fishman, and Reich. This enables us to make novel progress towards another conjecture…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2026-01-21 Sam Chow , Péter P. Varjú , Han Yu

A basic question of Diophantine approximation, which is the first issue we discuss, is to investigate the rational approximations to a single real number. Next, we consider the algebraic or polynomial approximations to a single complex…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2009-08-28 Michel Waldschmidt

We refine a result of the last two Authors of [8] on a Diophantine approximation problem with two primes and a $k$-th power of a prime which was only proved to hold for $1<k<4/3$. We improve the $k$-range to $1<k\le 3$ by combining Harman's…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2018-02-14 Alessandro Gambini , Alessandro Languasco , Alessandro Zaccagnini

Let $\phi(z)$ be a non-isotrivial rational function in one-variable with coefficients in $\overline{\mathbb{F}}_p(t)$ and assume that $\gamma\in\mathbb{P}^1(\overline{\mathbb{F}}_p(t))$ is not a post-critical point for $\phi$. Then we prove…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2022-09-20 Wade Hindes

We prove central limit theorems for Diophantine approximations with congruence conditions and for inhomogeneous Diophantine approximations following the approach of Bj\"{o}rklund and Gorodnik. The main tools are the cumulant method and…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2023-06-06 Gaurav Aggarwal , Anish Ghosh

Gallagher's theorem is a sharpening and extension of the Littlewood conjecture that holds for almost all tuples of real numbers. We provide a fibre refinement, solving a problem posed by Beresnevich, Haynes and Velani in 2015. Hitherto,…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2019-09-25 Sam Chow , Niclas Technau

In recent years, we have seen several approaches to the graph isomorphism problem based on "generic" mathematical programming or algebraic (Gr\"obner basis) techniques. For most of these, lower bounds have been established. In fact, it has…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2016-07-18 Christoph Berkholz , Martin Grohe

Let $F \in \mathbb Z[x, y]$ be an irreducible binary form of degree $d \geq 7$ and content one. Let $\alpha$ be a root of $F(x, 1)$ and assume that the field extension $\mathbb Q(\alpha)/\mathbb Q$ is Galois. We prove that, for every…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2022-06-29 Anton Mosunov

We associate certain curves over function fields to given algebraic power series and show that bounds on the rank of Kodaira-Spencer map of this curves imply bounds on the exponents of the power series, with more generic curves giving lower…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Minhyong Kim , Dinesh S. Thakur , José Felipe Voloch

This paper is motivated by two problems in the theory of Diophantine approximation, namely, Davenport's problem regarding badly approximable points on submanifolds of a Euclidean space and Schmidt's problem regarding the intersections of…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2016-04-01 Victor Beresnevich

Recent developments in the theory and application of the Hardy-Littlewood method are discussed, concentrating on aspects associated with diagonal diophantine problems. Recent efficient differencing methods for estimating mean values of…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Trevor D. Wooley