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Large language models (LLMs) have unveiled remarkable reasoning capabilities by exploiting chain-of-thought (CoT) prompting, which generates intermediate reasoning chains to serve as the rationale for deriving the answer. However, current…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-21 Anni Zou , Zhuosheng Zhang , Hai Zhao , Xiangru Tang

Recent advances in test-time scaling have enabled Large Language Models (LLMs) to display sophisticated reasoning abilities via extended Chain-of-Thought (CoT) generation. Despite their potential, these Reasoning LLMs (RLMs) often…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-21 Zhen Xiong , Yujun Cai , Zhecheng Li , Yiwei Wang

While the recent Chain-of-Thought (CoT) technique enhances the reasoning ability of large language models (LLMs) with the theory of mind, it might still struggle in handling logical reasoning that relies much on symbolic expressions and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-12 Jundong Xu , Hao Fei , Liangming Pan , Qian Liu , Mong-Li Lee , Wynne Hsu

Large reasoning models (LRMs) have achieved remarkable progress on complex tasks by generating extended chains of thought (CoT). However, their uncontrolled output lengths pose significant challenges for real-world deployment, where…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-22 Yuhui Xu , Hanze Dong , Lei Wang , Doyen Sahoo , Junnan Li , Caiming Xiong

Recent advancements in reasoning with large language models (RLLMs), such as OpenAI-O1 and DeepSeek-R1, have demonstrated their impressive capabilities in complex domains like mathematics and coding. A central factor in their success lies…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-21 Qiguang Chen , Libo Qin , Jinhao Liu , Dengyun Peng , Jiannan Guan , Peng Wang , Mengkang Hu , Yuhang Zhou , Te Gao , Wanxiang Che

Chain-of-Thought (CoT) has significantly enhanced the reasoning capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs), especially when combined with reinforcement learning (RL) based post-training methods. While longer reasoning traces can improve…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-16 Qinhang Wu , Sen Lin , Ming Zhang , Yingbin Liang , Ness B. Shroff

Chain-of-Thought (CoT) prompting has emerged as a powerful approach to enhancing the reasoning capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs). However, existing implementations, such as in-context learning and fine-tuning, remain costly and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-02 Li Li , Ziyi Wang , Yongliang Wu , Jianfei Cai , Xu Yang

A long-standing goal of AI systems is to perform complex multimodal reasoning like humans. Recently, large language models (LLMs) have made remarkable strides in such multi-step reasoning on the language modality solely by leveraging the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-10-27 Ge Zheng , Bin Yang , Jiajin Tang , Hong-Yu Zhou , Sibei Yang

Long chain-of-thought (CoT) is an essential ingredient in effective usage of modern large language models, but our understanding of the reasoning strategies underlying these capabilities remains limited. While some prior works have…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-16 Seongyun Lee , Seungone Kim , Minju Seo , Yongrae Jo , Dongyoung Go , Hyeonbin Hwang , Jinho Park , Xiang Yue , Sean Welleck , Graham Neubig , Moontae Lee , Minjoon Seo

Large language models (LLMs) have shown impressive promise in code generation, yet their progress remains limited by the shortage of large-scale datasets that are both diverse and well-aligned with human reasoning. Most existing resources…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Amal Abed , Ivan Lukic , Jörg K. H. Franke , Frank Hutter

Chain-of-Thought (CoT) prompting has been shown to be effective in eliciting structured reasoning (i.e., CoT reasoning) from large language models (LLMs). Regardless of its popularity, recent studies expose its failures in some reasoning…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Chengshuai Zhao , Zhen Tan , Pingchuan Ma , Dawei Li , Bohan Jiang , Yancheng Wang , Yingzhen Yang , Huan Liu

Chain-of-Thought (CoT) is a technique that guides Large Language Models (LLMs) to decompose complex tasks into multi-step reasoning through intermediate steps in natural language form. Briefly, CoT enables LLMs to think step by step.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-19 Caoyun Fan , Jidong Tian , Yitian Li , Wenqing Chen , Hao He , Yaohui Jin

Chain-of-Thought (CoT) prompting has significantly enhanced the mathematical reasoning capabilities of Large Language Models. We find existing fine-tuning datasets frequently suffer from the "answer right but reasoning wrong" probelm, where…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Zihang Li , Yuhang Wang , Yikun Zong , Wenhan Yu , Xiaokun Yuan , Runhan Jiang , Zirui Liu , Tong Yang , Arthur Jiang

Recently, inference-time scaling of chain-of-thought (CoT) has been demonstrated as a promising approach for addressing multi-modal reasoning tasks. While existing studies have predominantly centered on text-based thinking, the integration…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Yujie Lin , Ante Wang , Moye Chen , Jingyao Liu , Hao Liu , Jinsong Su , Xinyan Xiao

With the remarkable success of Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) in perception tasks, enhancing their complex reasoning capabilities has emerged as a critical research focus. Existing models still suffer from challenges such as…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Wenxin Zhu , Andong Chen , Yuchen Song , Kehai Chen , Conghui Zhu , Ziyan Chen , Tiejun Zhao

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated strong capabilities in natural language understanding and reasoning. However, their ability to perform exact, deterministic computation remains unclear. In this work, we systematically evaluate…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Hongkun Yu

Large language models (LLMs) have shown exceptional performance as general-purpose assistants, excelling across a variety of reasoning tasks. This achievement represents a significant step toward achieving artificial general intelligence…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-08-13 Xiaoyu Tan , Yongxin Deng , Xihe Qiu , Weidi Xu , Chao Qu , Wei Chu , Yinghui Xu , Yuan Qi

While Chain-of-Thought (CoT) prompting boosts Language Models' (LM) performance on a gamut of complex reasoning tasks, the generated reasoning chain does not necessarily reflect how the model arrives at the answer (aka. faithfulness). We…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-09-22 Qing Lyu , Shreya Havaldar , Adam Stein , Li Zhang , Delip Rao , Eric Wong , Marianna Apidianaki , Chris Callison-Burch

Large language models (LLMs) have recently attracted considerable interest for their ability to perform complex reasoning tasks, such as chain-of-thought (CoT) reasoning. However, most of the existing approaches to enhance this ability rely…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-08 Xinyi Wang , Lucas Caccia , Oleksiy Ostapenko , Xingdi Yuan , William Yang Wang , Alessandro Sordoni

Getting language models to reason correctly about code requires training on data where each reasoning step can be checked. Current synthetic Chain-of-Thought (CoT) training data often consists of plausible-sounding explanations generated by…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Shailja Thakur , Vaibhav Saxena , Rohan Kulkarni , Shivdeep Singh , Parameswaran Selvam , Hima Patel , Hiroshi Kanayama