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While the literature on permissions from the end-user perspective is rich, there is a lack of empirical research on why developers request permissions, their conceptualization of permissions, and how their perspectives compare with…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2023-02-01 Mohammad Tahaei , Ruba Abu-Salma , Awais Rashid

Mobile apps offer significant benefits, but their privacy protections often remain ineffective and confusing for users. While prior work mainly analyzes app privacy vulnerabilities, few approaches help users understand, set, and enforce…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Tran Thanh Lam Nguyen , Edoardo Di Tullio , Barbara Carminati , Elena Ferrari

The fast-paced evolution of Android APIs has posed a challenging task for Android app developers. To leverage Android's frequently released APIs, developers must often spend considerable effort on API migrations. Prior research and Android…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-03-29 Maxime Lamothe , Weiyi Shang , Tse-Hsun Chen

Mobile apps are predominantly integrated with cloud services to benefit from enhanced functionalities. Adopting authentication using secrets such as API keys is crucial to ensure secure mobile-cloud interactions. However, developers often…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Kevin Li , Lin Ling , Jinqiu Yang , Lili Wei

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly used to build autonomous agents that perform complex tasks with external tools, often exposed through APIs in enterprise systems. Direct use of these APIs is difficult due to the complex input…

Android apps rely on application programming interfaces (APIs) to access various functionalities of Android devices. These APIs however are regularly updated to incorporate new features while the old APIs get deprecated. Even though the…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-11-08 Tarek Mahmud , Bin Duan , Meiru Che , Awatif Yasmin , Anne H. H. Ngu , Guowei Yang

The rapid development of Large Language Models (LLMs) has transformed software engineering, showing promise in tasks like code generation, bug detection, and compliance checking. However, current models struggle to detect compliance…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Haoyi Zhang , Huaijin Ran , Xunzhu Tang

The prevalence of cryptographic API misuse (CAM) is compromising the effectiveness of cryptography and in turn the security of modern systems and applications. Despite extensive efforts to develop CAM detection tools, these tools typically…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-09-16 Yang Zhang , Wenyi Ouyang , Yi Zhang , Liang Cheng , Chen Wu , Wenxin Hu

As the smartphone market leader, Android has been a prominent target for malware attacks. The number of malicious applications (apps) identified for it has increased continually over the past decade, creating an immense challenge for all…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-06-13 Masoud Mehrabi Koushki , Ibrahim AbuAlhaol , Anandharaju Durai Raju , Yang Zhou , Ronnie Salvador Giagone , Huang Shengqiang

Android has been the most popular smartphone system, with multiple platform versions (e.g., KITKAT and Lollipop) active in the market. To manage the application's compatibility with one or more platform versions, Android allows apps to…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2017-03-20 Daoyuan Wu , Ximing Liu , Jiayun Xu , David Lo , Debin Gao

Due to the amount of data that smartphone applications can potentially access, platforms enforce permission systems that allow users to regulate how applications access protected resources. If users are asked to make security decisions too…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2015-04-16 Primal Wijesekera , Arjun Baokar , Ashkan Hosseini , Serge Egelman , David Wagner , Konstantin Beznosov

In the rapidly evolving domain of artificial intelligence, Large Language Models (LLMs) play a crucial role due to their advanced text processing and generation abilities. This study introduces a new strategy aimed at harnessing on-device…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-03 Wei Chen , Zhiyuan Li , Mingyuan Ma

With the rapid advancement of machine learning (ML), ML-based Android malware detection has gained significant popularity due to its ability to automatically learn malicious patterns from Android apps. However, the lack of an in-depth and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Jiahao Liu , Jun Zeng , Fabio Pierazzi , Ziqi Yang , Lorenzo Cavallaro , Zhenkai Liang

Although there are over 1,600,000 third-party Android apps in the Google Play Store, little has been conclusively shown about how their individual (and collective) permission usage has evolved over time. Recently, Android 6 overhauled the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2016-08-11 Vincent F. Taylor , Ivan Martinovic

Fragmentation is a serious problem in the Android ecosystem. This problem is mainly caused by the fast evolution of the system itself and the various customizations independently maintained by different smartphone manufacturers. Many…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-06-01 Pei Liu , Yanjie Zhao , Haipeng Cai , Mattia Fazzini , John Grundy , Li Li

While the automated detection of cryptographic API misuses has progressed significantly, its precision diminishes for intricate targets due to the reliance on manually defined patterns. Large Language Models (LLMs) offer a promising…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-19 Yifan Xia , Zichen Xie , Peiyu Liu , Kangjie Lu , Yan Liu , Wenhai Wang , Shouling Ji

The increasing trend of using Large Language Models (LLMs) for code generation raises the question of their capability to generate trustworthy code. While many researchers are exploring the utility of code generation for uncovering software…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-04-08 Zahra Mousavi , Chadni Islam , Kristen Moore , Alsharif Abuadbba , Muhammad Ali Babar

Android filesystem access control provides a foundation for Android system integrity. Android utilizes a combination of mandatory (e.g., SEAndroid) and discretionary (e.g., UNIX permissions) access control, both to protect the Android…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-08-11 Yu-Tsung Lee , William Enck , Haining Chen , Hayawardh Vijayakumar , Ninghui Li , Daimeng Wang , Zhiyun Qian , Giuseppe Petracca , Trent Jaeger

Android allows apps to communicate with its system services via system service helpers so that these apps can use various functions provided by the system services. Meanwhile, the system services rely on their service helpers to enforce…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-03-25 Yi He , Yacong Gu , Purui Su , Kun Sun , Yajin Zhou , Zhi Wang , Qi Li

Modern life has witnessed the explosion of mobile devices. However, besides the valuable features that bring convenience to end users, security and privacy risks still threaten users of mobile apps. The increasing sophistication of these…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Tran Thanh Lam Nguyen , Barbara Carminati , Elena Ferrari