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GUI agents powered by Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have demonstrated impressive capability in understanding and executing user instructions. However, accurately grounding instruction-relevant elements from high-resolution…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-18 Yichao Liu , Huawen Shen , Liu Yu , Shiyu Liu , Zeyu Chen , Yu Zhou

Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) perform well on many vision-language tasks but often struggle with vision-centric problems that require fine-grained visual reasoning. Recent evidence suggests that this limitation arises not from…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-15 Sophia Sirko-Galouchenko , Monika Wysoczanska , Andrei Bursuc , Nicolas Thome , Spyros Gidaris

Vision-Language Models (VLMs) have shown remarkable performance in User Interface (UI) grounding tasks, driven by their ability to process increasingly high-resolution screenshots. However, screenshots are tokenized into thousands of visual…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-08 Mingyu Ouyang , Kevin Qinghong Lin , Mike Zheng Shou , Hwee Tou Ng

Recent advancements in Large Vision-Language Models are accelerating the development of Graphical User Interface (GUI) agents that utilize human-like vision perception capabilities to enhance productivity on digital devices. Compared to…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-07-31 Xinyi Liu , Xiaoyi Zhang , Ziyun Zhang , Yan Lu

Graphical User Interface (GUI) action grounding is a critical step in GUI automation that maps language instructions to actionable elements on GUI screens. Most recent works of GUI action grounding leverage large GUI datasets to fine-tune…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-28 Yue Fan , Handong Zhao , Ruiyi Zhang , Yu Shen , Xin Eric Wang , Gang Wu

Multi-modal large language models (MLLMs) have achieved remarkable success in fine-grained visual understanding across a range of tasks. However, they often encounter significant challenges due to inadequate alignment for fine-grained…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-15 Wei Wang , Zhaowei Li , Qi Xu , Linfeng Li , YiQing Cai , Botian Jiang , Hang Song , Xingcan Hu , Pengyu Wang , Li Xiao

Graphical user interface (GUI) grounding, the process of mapping human instructions to GUI actions, serves as a fundamental basis to autonomous GUI agents. While existing grounding models achieve promising performance to simulate the mouse…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Zeyi Liao , Yadong Lu , Boyu Gou , Huan Sun , Ahmed Awadallah

Graphical User Interface (GUI) agents are designed to automate complex tasks on digital devices, such as smartphones and desktops. Most existing GUI agents interact with the environment through extracted structured data, which can be…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-02-26 Kanzhi Cheng , Qiushi Sun , Yougang Chu , Fangzhi Xu , Yantao Li , Jianbing Zhang , Zhiyong Wu

Recent advances in Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have enabled autonomous agents to interact with computers via Graphical User Interfaces (GUIs), where accurately localizing the coordinates of interface elements (e.g., buttons) is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Hyunseok Lee , Jeonghoon Kim , Beomjun Kim , Jihoon Tack , Chansong Jo , Jaehong Lee , Cheonbok Park , Sookyo In , Jinwoo Shin , Kang Min Yoo

Training effective Vision-Language Models (VLMs) for GUI agents typically depends on large-scale annotated datasets, whose collection is both labor-intensive and error-prone. We introduce K-step GUI Transition, a self-supervised inverse…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-13 Longxi Gao , Li Zhang , Pengzhi Gao , Wei Liu , Jian Luan , Mengwei Xu

Grounding natural language queries in graphical user interfaces (GUIs) presents a challenging task that requires models to comprehend diverse UI elements across various applications and systems, while also accurately predicting the spatial…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Zhecheng Li , Guoxian Song , Yiwei Wang , Zhen Xiong , Junsong Yuan , Yujun Cai

The existing Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) for GUI perception have made great progress. However, the following challenges still exist in prior methods: 1) They model discrete coordinates based on text autoregressive mechanism,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-08 Hongyi Jing , Jiafu Chen , Chen Rao , Ziqiang Dang , Jiajie Teng , Tianyi Chu , Juncheng Mo , Shuo Fang , Huaizhong Lin , Rui Lv , Chenguang Ma , Lei Zhao

In this paper, we present ZonUI-3B, a lightweight Vision-Language Model (VLM) that can be fully trained on a single consumer-grade GPU (RTX 4090) while delivering performance comparable to significantly larger models on GUI grounding tasks.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-21 ZongHan Hsieh , Tzer-Jen Wei , ShengJing Yang

GUI grounding, which translates natural language instructions into precise pixel coordinates, is essential for developing practical GUI agents. However, we observe that existing grounding models exhibit significant coordinate prediction…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-10 Yunzhu Zhang , Zeyu Pan , Zhengwen Zeng , Shuheng Shen , Changhua Meng , Linchao Zhu

Visual grounding is the task of localising image regions from natural language queries and is critical for reasoning capable Graphical User Interface agents. Many existing methods rely on massive, noisy synthetic datasets. This work…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-17 Georgios Pantazopoulos , Eda B. Özyiğit

GUI grounding is a critical capability for enabling GUI agents to execute tasks such as clicking and dragging. However, in complex scenarios like the ScreenSpot-Pro benchmark, existing models often suffer from suboptimal performance.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Borui Zhang , Bo Zhang , Bo Wang , Wenzhao Zheng , Yuhao Cheng , Liang Tang , Yiqiang Yan , Jie Zhou , Jiwen Lu

Recent Graphical User Interface (GUI) agents replicate the R1-Zero paradigm, coupling online Reinforcement Learning (RL) with explicit chain-of-thought reasoning prior to object grounding and thereby achieving substantial performance gains.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-23 Yuqi Zhou , Sunhao Dai , Shuai Wang , Kaiwen Zhou , Qinglin Jia , Jun Xu

Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) are transforming the capabilities of graphical user interface (GUI) agents, facilitating their transition from controlled simulations to complex, real-world applications across various platforms.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-18 Boyu Gou , Ruohan Wang , Boyuan Zheng , Yanan Xie , Cheng Chang , Yiheng Shu , Huan Sun , Yu Su

Multi-modal large language models have demonstrated impressive performance across various tasks in different modalities. However, existing multi-modal models primarily emphasize capturing global information within each modality while…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-06 Zhaowei Li , Qi Xu , Dong Zhang , Hang Song , Yiqing Cai , Qi Qi , Ran Zhou , Junting Pan , Zefeng Li , Van Tu Vu , Zhida Huang , Tao Wang

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have shown great potential in revolutionizing Graphical User Interface (GUI) automation. However, existing GUI models mostly rely on learning from nearly error-free offline trajectories, thus lacking…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Penghao Wu , Shengnan Ma , Bo Wang , Jiaheng Yu , Lewei Lu , Ziwei Liu