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We present a real-time front-end for voice-based conversational AI to enable natural turn-taking in two-speaker scenarios by combining primary speaker segmentation with hierarchical End-of-Turn (EOT) detection. To operate robustly in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Karim Helwani , Hoang Do , James Luan , Sriram Srinivasan

Spoken dialogue systems powered by large language models have demonstrated remarkable abilities in understanding human speech and generating appropriate spoken responses. However, these systems struggle with end-turn detection (ETD) -- the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-22 Hyunjong Ok , Suho Yoo , Jaeho Lee

Streaming end-to-end multi-talker speech recognition aims at transcribing the overlapped speech from conversations or meetings with an all-neural model in a streaming fashion, which is fundamentally different from a modular-based approach…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-01-26 Liang Lu , Jinyu Li , Yifan Gong

Recent advances in AudioLLMs have enabled spoken dialogue systems to move beyond turn-based interaction toward real-time full-duplex communication, where the agent must decide when to speak, yield, or interrupt while the user is still…

Task-oriented Dialogue (ToD) agents are mostly limited to a few widely-spoken languages, mainly due to the high cost of acquiring training data for each language. Existing low-cost approaches that rely on cross-lingual embeddings or naive…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-02-21 Mehrad Moradshahi , Sina J. Semnani , Monica S. Lam

We introduce a low-latency telecom AI voice agent pipeline for real-time, interactive telecommunications use, enabling advanced voice AI for call center automation, intelligent IVR (Interactive Voice Response), and AI-driven customer…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-08-08 Vignesh Ethiraj , Ashwath David , Sidhanth Menon , Divya Vijay

For realizing safe autonomous driving, the end-to-end delays of real-time object detection systems should be thoroughly analyzed and minimized. However, despite recent development of neural networks with minimized inference delays,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-11-13 Wonseok Jang , Hansaem Jeong , Kyungtae Kang , Nikil Dutt , Jong-Chan Kim

Endpoint (EP) detection is a key component of far-field speech recognition systems that assist the user through voice commands. The endpoint detector has to trade-off between accuracy and latency, since waiting longer reduces the cases of…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-01-26 Anirudh Raju , Aparna Khare , Di He , Ilya Sklyar , Long Chen , Sam Alptekin , Viet Anh Trinh , Zhe Zhang , Colin Vaz , Venkatesh Ravichandran , Roland Maas , Ariya Rastrow

Dysfluent speech detection is the bottleneck for disordered speech analysis and spoken language learning. Current state-of-the-art models are governed by rule-based systems which lack efficiency and robustness, and are sensitive to template…

Voice Assistants such as Alexa, Siri, and Google Assistant typically use a two-stage Spoken Language Understanding pipeline; first, an Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) component to process customer speech and generate text transcriptions,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-12-17 Subendhu Rongali , Beiye Liu , Liwei Cai , Konstantine Arkoudas , Chengwei Su , Wael Hamza

We extend the frameworks of Serialized Output Training (SOT) to address practical needs of both streaming and offline automatic speech recognition (ASR) applications. Our approach focuses on balancing latency and accuracy, catering to…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-06-18 Aswin Shanmugam Subramanian , Amit Das , Naoyuki Kanda , Jinyu Li , Xiaofei Wang , Yifan Gong

Out-of-scope (OOS) intent detection is a critical challenge in task-oriented dialogue systems (TODS), as it ensures robustness to unseen and ambiguous queries. In this work, we propose a novel but simple modular framework that combines…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-03 Álvaro Zaera , Diana Nicoleta Popa , Ivan Sekulic , Paolo Rosso

This paper describes an end-to-end (E2E) neural architecture for the audio rendering of small portions of display content on low resource personal computing devices. It is intended to address the problem of accessibility for vision-impaired…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-03-13 Liu Chen , Michael Deisher , Munir Georges

The recent text-to-speech (TTS) has achieved quality comparable to that of humans; however, its application in spoken dialogue has not been widely studied. This study aims to realize a TTS that closely resembles human dialogue. First, we…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-06-27 Kentaro Mitsui , Tianyu Zhao , Kei Sawada , Yukiya Hono , Yoshihiko Nankaku , Keiichi Tokuda

A state transition model (STM) based on chunk-wise classification was proposed for end-point detection (EPD). In general, EPD is developed using frame-wise voice activity detection (VAD) with additional STM, in which the state transition is…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2019-12-24 Juntae Kim , Jaesung Bae , Minsoo Hahn

Out-of-domain (OOD) intent detection aims to examine whether the user's query falls outside the predefined domain of the system, which is crucial for the proper functioning of task-oriented dialogue (TOD) systems. Previous methods address…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-05 Pei Wang , Keqing He , Yejie Wang , Xiaoshuai Song , Yutao Mou , Jingang Wang , Yunsen Xian , Xunliang Cai , Weiran Xu

ASR endpointing (EP) plays a major role in delivering a good user experience in products supporting human or artificial agents in human-human/machine conversations. Transducer-based ASR (T-ASR) is an end-to-end (E2E) ASR modelling technique…

For speech interaction, voice activity detection (VAD) is often used as a front-end. However, traditional VAD algorithms usually need to wait for a continuous tail silence to reach a preset maximum duration before segmentation, resulting in…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-05-23 Mohan Shi , Yuchun Shu , Lingyun Zuo , Qian Chen , Shiliang Zhang , Jie Zhang , Li-Rong Dai

Thus far, end-to-end (E2E) models have not been shown to outperform state-of-the-art conventional models with respect to both quality, i.e., word error rate (WER), and latency, i.e., the time the hypothesis is finalized after the user stops…

This paper integrates a voice activity detection (VAD) function with end-to-end automatic speech recognition toward an online speech interface and transcribing very long audio recordings. We focus on connectionist temporal classification…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-03-16 Takenori Yoshimura , Tomoki Hayashi , Kazuya Takeda , Shinji Watanabe
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