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The Lanczos algorithm offers a framework for constructing wave functions in closed and open quantum systems from their Hamiltonians. Since the early universe is inherently an open system, we employ this algorithm to investigate Krylov…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2026-03-17 Ke-Hong Zhai , Lei-Hua Liu

In this work, we systematically investigate the inflationary complexity of the two-mode squeezed state with thermal effect for the single field inflation, modified dispersion relation, and non-trivial sound speed with the method of closed…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2024-05-07 Tao Li , Lei-Hua Liu

In this work, we have systematically investigated the Krylov complexity of curvature perturbation for the modified dispersion relation in inflation, using the algorithm in closed system and open system. Our analysis could be applied to the…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2024-05-24 Tao Li , Lei-Hua Liu

In this paper, we study the Krylov complexity ($K$) from the planar/inflationary patch of the de Sitter space using the two mode squeezed state formalism in the presence of an effective field having sound speed $c_s$. From our analysis, we…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2023-06-09 Kiran Adhikari , Sayantan Choudhury

In this paper, we study the impact of non-trivial sound on the evolution of cosmological complexity in inflationary period. The vacuum state of curvature perturbation could be treated as squeezed states with two modes, characterized by the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2022-10-19 Lei-Hua Liu , Ai-Chen Li

Thermal interactions are ubiquitous in the cosmos, driving systems toward equilibrium. In this work, we investigate the evolution of thermal states across the early universe, encompassing the inflationary, radiation-dominated (RD), and…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2026-03-17 Tao Li , Lei-Hua Liu

Continuing the previous initiatives arXiv: 2207.05347 and arXiv: 2212.06180, we pursue the exploration of operator growth and Krylov complexity in dissipative open quantum systems. In this paper, we resort to the bi-Lanczos algorithm…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-12-15 Aranya Bhattacharya , Pratik Nandy , Pingal Pratyush Nath , Himanshu Sahu

Krylov complexity characterizes the operator growth in the quantum many-body systems or quantum field theories. The existing literatures have studied the Krylov complexity in the low temperature limit in the quantum field theories. In this…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2024-11-15 Peng-Zhang He , Hai-Qing Zhang

Recently, the propagation of information through quantum many-body systems, developed to study quantum chaos, have found many application from black holes to disordered spin systems. Among other quantitative tools, Krylov complexity has…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-03-11 Aranya Bhattacharya , Pingal Pratyush Nath , Himanshu Sahu

In this work, we systematically investigate the quantum-information diagnostics of cosmological perturbations with a nontrivial sound speed, utilizing a normalized open two-mode squeezed-state framework. Rather than introducing new…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2026-04-24 Shi-Cheng Liu , Lei-Hua Liu , Bichu Li , Hai-Qing Zhang , Peng-Zhang He

We explore Krylov complexity for two exactly solvable models, one in the Wheeler-DeWitt (WDW) quantum cosmology and another in loop quantum cosmology (LQC), for a spatially flat, homogeneous, and isotropic universe sourced with a massless…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-11-25 Meysam Motaharfar , Maxwell R. Siebersma , Parampreet Singh

Recently, a novel measure for the complexity of operator growth is proposed based on Lanczos algorithm and Krylov recursion method. We study this Krylov complexity in quantum mechanical systems derived from some well-known local toric…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2023-04-27 Bao-ning Du , Min-xin Huang

Krylov complexity is a novel measure of operator complexity that exhibits universal behavior and bounds a large class of other measures. In this letter, we generalize Krylov complexity from a closed system to an open system coupled to a…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2023-08-11 Chang Liu , Haifeng Tang , Hui Zhai

The complexity of quantum evolutions can be understood by examining their dispersion in a chosen basis. Recent research has stressed the fact that the Krylov basis is particularly adept at minimizing this dispersion [V. Balasubramanian et…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-09-26 Gastón F. Scialchi , Augusto J. Roncaglia , Diego A. Wisniacki

We introduce and review a new complexity measure, called `Krylov complexity', which takes its origins in the field of quantum-chaotic dynamics, serving as a canonical measure of operator growth and spreading. Krylov complexity, underpinned…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2025-07-10 Eliezer Rabinovici , Adrián Sánchez-Garrido , Ruth Shir , Julian Sonner

Krylov complexity, as a novel measure of operator complexity under Heisenberg evolution, exhibits many interesting universal behaviors and also bounds many other complexity measures. In this work, we study Krylov complexity $\mathcal{K}(t)$…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2024-01-01 Haifeng Tang

We investigate the complexity of states and operators evolved with the modular Hamiltonian by using the Krylov basis. In the first part, we formulate the problem for states and analyse different examples, including quantum mechanics,…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2023-06-27 Pawel Caputa , Javier M. Magan , Dimitrios Patramanis , Erik Tonni

Krylov complexity measures the spread of the wavefunction in the Krylov basis, which is constructed using the Hamiltonian and an initial state. We investigate the evolution of the maximally entangled state in the Krylov basis for both…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2023-09-06 Johanna Erdmenger , Shao-Kai Jian , Zhuo-Yu Xian

We present an algorithm that uses block encoding on a quantum computer to exactly construct a Krylov space, which can be used as the basis for the Lanczos method to estimate extremal eigenvalues of Hamiltonians. While the classical Lanczos…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-05-24 William Kirby , Mario Motta , Antonio Mezzacapo

We study Krylov complexity in various models of quantum field theory: free massive bosons and fermions on flat space and on spheres, holographic models, and lattice models with the UV-cutoff. In certain cases we find asymptotic behavior of…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2025-08-26 Alexander Avdoshkin , Anatoly Dymarsky , Michael Smolkin
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