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Long-horizon decision-making with sparse rewards and continuous states and actions remains a fundamental challenge in AI and robotics. Task and motion planning (TAMP) is a model-based framework that addresses this challenge by planning…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Y. Isabel Liu , Bowen Li , Benjamin Eysenbach , Tom Silver

Automated Essay Scoring systems have traditionally focused on holistic scores, limiting their pedagogical usefulness, especially in the case of complex essay genres such as argumentative writing. In educational contexts, teachers and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-05 Lucile Favero , Juan Antonio Pérez-Ortiz , Tanja Käser , Nuria Oliver

The goal of inductive logic programming is to induce a logic program (a set of logical rules) that generalises training examples. Inducing programs with many rules and literals is a major challenge. To tackle this challenge, we introduce an…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-21 Andrew Cropper , Céline Hocquette

Large Language Models (LLMs) suffer from critical reasoning gaps, including a tendency to hallucinate and poor accuracy in classifying logical fallacies. This limitation stems from their default System 1 processing, which is fast and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Olivia Peiyu Wang , Tashvi Bansal , Ryan Bai , Emily M. Chui , Leilani H. Gilpin

In language reasoning, longer chains of thought consistently yield better performance, which naturally suggests that visual latent reasoning may likewise benefit from longer latent sequences. However, we discover a counterintuitive…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Chenfeng Wang , Wei He , Xuhan Zhu , Chunpeng Zhou , Qizhen Li , Song Yan , Yufei Zheng , Chengjun Yu , Fan Lu , Wei Zhai , Yang Cao , Pengfei Yu , Zheng-Jun Zha

Enhancing the reasoning capabilities of large language models (LLMs), particularly for complex tasks requiring multi-step logical deductions, remains a significant challenge. Traditional inference time scaling methods utilize scalar reward…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-24 Yansi Li , Jiahao Xu , Tian Liang , Xingyu Chen , Zhiwei He , Qiuzhi Liu , Rui Wang , Zhuosheng Zhang , Zhaopeng Tu , Haitao Mi , Dong Yu

Multi-step reasoning instruction, such as chain-of-thought prompting, is widely adopted to explore better language models (LMs) performance. We report on the systematic strategy that LMs employ in such a multi-step reasoning process. Our…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-08 Yoichi Aoki , Keito Kudo , Tatsuki Kuribayashi , Shusaku Sone , Masaya Taniguchi , Keisuke Sakaguchi , Kentaro Inui

Learning-to-rank (LTR) is a class of supervised learning techniques that apply to ranking problems dealing with a large number of features. The popularity and widespread application of LTR models in prioritizing information in a variety of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-05-19 Jaspreet Singh , Zhenye Wang , Megha Khosla , Avishek Anand

Through in-context learning (ICL), large-scale language models are effective few-shot learners without additional model fine-tuning. However, the ICL performance does not scale well with the number of available training samples as it is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-16 Hyunsoo Cho , Hyuhng Joon Kim , Junyeob Kim , Sang-Woo Lee , Sang-goo Lee , Kang Min Yoo , Taeuk Kim

State-of-the-art NLP methods achieve human-like performance on many tasks, but make errors nevertheless. Characterizing these errors in easily interpretable terms gives insight into whether a classifier is prone to making systematic errors,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-21 Michael A. Hedderich , Jonas Fischer , Dietrich Klakow , Jilles Vreeken

Evaluating large language models (LLMs) on final-answer correctness is the dominant paradigm. This approach, however, provides a coarse signal for model improvement and overlooks the quality of the underlying reasoning process. We argue…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-24 Heejin Do , Jaehui Hwang , Dongyoon Han , Seong Joon Oh , Sangdoo Yun

The field of Language Reasoning Models (LRMs) has been very active over the past few years with advances in training and inference techniques enabling LRMs to reason longer, and more accurately. However, a growing body of studies show that…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-24 Yannis Belkhiter , Seshu Tirupathi , Giulio Zizzo , John D. Kelleher

Legal judgment prediction(LJP) is an essential task for legal AI. While prior methods studied on this topic in a pseudo setting by employing the judge-summarized case narrative as the input to predict the judgment, neglecting critical case…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-07-13 Luyao Ma , Yating Zhang , Tianyi Wang , Xiaozhong Liu , Wei Ye , Changlong Sun , Shikun Zhang

We introduce a framework for supporting learning to program in the paradigm of Answer Set Programming (ASP), which is a declarative logic programming formalism. Based on the idea of teaching by asking the student to complete small example…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2016-08-12 Gokhan Avci , Mustafa Mehuljic , Peter Schüller

In the field of large language model (LLM)-based proof generation, despite extensive training on large datasets such as ArXiv, LLMs still exhibit only modest performance on proving tasks of moderate difficulty. We believe that this is…

Standard evaluation in NLP typically indicates that system A is better on average than system B, but it provides little info on how to improve performance and, what is worse, it should not come as a surprise if B ends up being better than A…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Elena Alvarez-Mellado , Julio Gonzalo

In Machine Learning, a benchmark refers to an ensemble of datasets associated with one or multiple metrics together with a way to aggregate different systems performances. They are instrumental in (i) assessing the progress of new methods…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-10 Pierre Colombo , Nathan Noiry , Ekhine Irurozki , Stephan Clemencon

Large reasoning models have achieved remarkable performance through extended chain-of-thought sequences, yet this computational freedom leads to excessive token generation even for simple problems. We present Length-Adaptive Policy…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-15 Xingyu Wu , Yuchen Yan , Shangke Lyu , Linjuan Wu , Yiwen Qiu , Yongliang Shen , Weiming Lu , Jian Shao , Jun Xiao , Yueting Zhuang

This work characterizes large language models' chain-of-thought generation as a structured trajectory through representation space. We show that mathematical reasoning traverses functionally ordered, step-specific subspaces that become…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-08 Lihao Sun , Hang Dong , Bo Qiao , Qingwei Lin , Dongmei Zhang , Saravan Rajmohan

In recent years, the role of big data analytics has exponentially grown and is now slowly making its way into the education industry. Several attempts are being made in this sphere in order to improve the quality of education being provided…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2022-10-18 Akash Nagaraj , Mukund Sood , Gowri Srinivasa