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Reinforcement Learning has significantly advanced the reasoning capabilities of Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs), yet the resulting policies remain brittle against real-world visual degradations such as blur, compression artifacts,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Rui Liu , Dian Yu , Haolin Liu , Yucheng Shi , Tong Zheng , Runpeng Dai , Haitao Mi , Pratap Tokekar , Leoweiliang

Reinforcement learning (RL) has emerged as a powerful tool for fine-tuning large language models (LLMs) to improve complex reasoning abilities. However, state-of-the-art policy optimization methods often suffer from high computational…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-28 Kianté Brantley , Mingyu Chen , Zhaolin Gao , Jason D. Lee , Wen Sun , Wenhao Zhan , Xuezhou Zhang

Reinforcement learning with verifiable rewards (RLVR) has substantially improved the reasoning capabilities of large language models. While existing analyses identify that RLVR-induced changes are sparse, they primarily focus on the…

Rerankers play a pivotal role in refining retrieval results for Retrieval-Augmented Generation. However, current reranking models are typically optimized on static human annotated relevance labels in isolation, decoupled from the downstream…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-03 Yuhang Wu , Xiangqing Shen , Fanfan Wang , Cangqi Zhou , Zhen Wu , Xinyu Dai , Rui Xia

Reinforcement learning (RL) has emerged as a critical technique for enhancing LLM-based deep search agents. However, existing approaches primarily rely on binary outcome rewards, which fail to capture the comprehensiveness and factuality of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-12 Jiajie Zhang , Xin Lv , Ling Feng , Lei Hou , Juanzi Li

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable performance in reasoning tasks, where reinforcement learning (RL) serves as a key algorithm for enhancing their reasoning capabilities. Currently, there are two mainstream reward…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-08 Haitao Hong , Yuchen Yan , Xingyu Wu , Guiyang Hou , Wenqi Zhang , Weiming Lu , Yongliang Shen , Jun Xiao

Reinforcement learning is emerging as a primary driver for improving language model reasoning capabilities. A fundamental question is whether current reinforcement learning algorithms -- such as Group Relative Policy Optimization (GRPO),…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-23 Andre He , Daniel Fried , Sean Welleck

We present Future-KL Influenced Policy Optimization (FIPO), a reinforcement learning algorithm designed to overcome reasoning bottlenecks in large language models. While GRPO style training scales effectively, it typically relies on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-01 Chiyu Ma , Shuo Yang , Kexin Huang , Jinda Lu , Haoming Meng , Shangshang Wang , Bolin Ding , Soroush Vosoughi , Guoyin Wang , Jingren Zhou

The rapid development of large language model (LLM) alignment algorithms has resulted in a complex and fragmented landscape, with limited clarity on the effectiveness of different methods and their inter-connections. This paper introduces…

Reinforcement learning with verifiable rewards (RLVR) has proven effective in eliciting complex reasoning in large language models (LLMs). However, standard RLVR training often leads to excessively verbose processes (in reasoning tasks) and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-01 Gang Li , Yulei Qin , Xiaoyu Tan , Dingkang Yang , Yuchen Shi , Zihan Xu , Xiang Li , Xing Sun , Ke Li

Reinforcement Learning with Verifiable Rewards (RLVR) has proven effective for Large Language Model (LLM) reasoning, yet current methods face key challenges in resource allocation and policy optimization dynamics: (i) uniform rollout…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-24 Yangyi Fang , Jiaye Lin , Xiaoliang Fu , Cong Qin , Haolin Shi , Chaowen Hu , Lu Pan , Ke Zeng , Xunliang Cai

Reinforcement Learning with Verifiable Rewards (RLVR) has emerged as a powerful paradigm for enhancing the reasoning capabilities of LLMs. Existing research has predominantly concentrated on isolated reasoning domains such as mathematical…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-24 Yu Li , Zhuoshi Pan , Honglin Lin , Mengyuan Sun , Conghui He , Lijun Wu

Recent reasoning-first models (e.g., OpenAI o1, DeepSeek R1) have spurred a resurgence of interest in RLVR. Nevertheless, advances are dominated by mathematics (e.g., AIME), with competitive-programming code generation underexplored and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Speed Zhu , Jianwei Cai , Guang Chen , Lulu Wu , Saiyong Yang , Wiggin Zhou

Reinforcement learning (RL) post-training is crucial for LLM alignment and reasoning, but existing policy-based methods, such as PPO and DPO, can fall short of fixing shortcuts inherited from pre-training. In this work, we introduce…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Jin Peng Zhou , Kaiwen Wang , Jonathan Chang , Zhaolin Gao , Nathan Kallus , Kilian Q. Weinberger , Kianté Brantley , Wen Sun

Inference scaling further accelerates Large Language Models (LLMs) toward Artificial General Intelligence (AGI), with large-scale Reinforcement Learning (RL) to unleash long Chain-of-Thought reasoning. Most contemporary reasoning approaches…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Xuerui Su , Liya Guo , Yue Wang , Yi Zhu , Zhiming Ma , Zun Wang , Yuting Liu

Reinforcement Learning with Verifiable Rewards (RLVR) has emerged as a crucial paradigm for incentivizing reasoning capabilities in Large Language Models (LLMs). Due to vast state-action spaces and reward sparsity in reasoning tasks,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Zican Hu , Shilin Zhang , Yafu Li , Jianhao Yan , Xuyang Hu , Leyang Cui , Xiaoye Qu , Chunlin Chen , Yu Cheng , Zhi Wang

Video generation models produce visually coherent content but struggle with tasks requiring spatial reasoning and multi-step planning. Reinforcement learning (RL) offers a path to improve generalization, but its effectiveness in video…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Ming Liu , Yunbei Zhang , Shilong Liu , Liwen Wang , Wensheng Zhang

Reinforcement Learning with Verifiable Rewards (RLVR) offers a robust mechanism for enhancing mathematical reasoning in large models. However, we identify a systematic lack of emphasis on more challenging questions in existing methods from…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-29 Yanqi Dai , Yuxiang Ji , Xiao Zhang , Yong Wang , Xiangxiang Chu , Zhiwu Lu

Reinforcement learning from verifiable rewards has emerged as a powerful technique for enhancing the complex reasoning abilities of Large Language Models (LLMs). However, these methods are fundamentally constrained by the ''learning cliff''…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Xichen Zhang , Sitong Wu , Yinghao Zhu , Haoru Tan , Shaozuo Yu , Ziyi He , Jiaya Jia

Reinforcement learning with verifiable reward (RLVR) has become a promising paradigm for post-training large language models (LLMs) to improve their reasoning capability. However, when the rollout accuracy is low on hard problems, the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Huanyu Liu , Jia Li , Yihong Dong , Chang Yu , Taozhi Chen , Lecheng Wang , Yongding Tao , Bin Gu , Ge Li