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Federated Learning (FL) is a promising framework for performing privacy-preserving, distributed learning with a set of clients. However, the data distribution among clients often exhibits non-IID, i.e., distribution shift, which makes…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-07 Zhe Qu , Xingyu Li , Rui Duan , Yao Liu , Bo Tang , Zhuo Lu

To ensure high quality outputs, it is important to quantify the epistemic uncertainty of diffusion models. Existing methods are often unreliable because they mix epistemic and aleatoric uncertainty. We introduce a method based on Fisher…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-02-18 Aditi Gupta , Raphael A. Meyer , Yotam Yaniv , Elynn Chen , N. Benjamin Erichson

Federated learning aggregates model updates from distributed clients, but standard first order methods such as FedAvg apply the same scalar weight to all parameters from each client. Under non-IID data, these uniformly weighted updates can…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Zhipeng Chang , Ting He , Wenrui Hao

Federated learning (FL) is a popular distributed learning framework that can reduce privacy risks by not explicitly sharing private data. In this work, we explicitly uncover external covariate shift problem in FL, which is caused by the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-31 Zhixu Du , Jingwei Sun , Ang Li , Pin-Yu Chen , Jianyi Zhang , Hai "Helen" Li , Yiran Chen

Federated Learning (FL) typically aggregates client model parameters using a weighting approach determined by sample proportions. However, this naive weighting method may lead to unfairness and degradation in model performance due to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-13 Mingwei Xu , Xiaofeng Cao , Ivor W. Tsang , James T. Kwok

The most recent multi-source covariate shift algorithm is an efficient hyperparameter optimization algorithm for missing target output. In this paper, we extend this algorithm to the framework of federated learning. For data islands in…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-03-01 Yaqian Xu , Wenquan Cui , Jianjun Xu , Haoyang Cheng

Performative prediction is a framework that captures distribution shifts that occur during the training of machine learning models due to their deployment. As the trained model is used, data generation causes the model to evolve, leading to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-10 Xue Zheng , Tian Xie , Xuwei Tan , Aylin Yener , Xueru Zhang

Supervised imitation learning, also known as behavioral cloning, suffers from distribution drift leading to failures during policy execution. One approach to mitigate this issue is to allow an expert to correct the agent's actions during…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-12-11 Trevor Ablett , Filip Marić , Jonathan Kelly

Selecting high-quality data can improve the pretraining efficiency of large language models (LLMs). Existing methods generally rely on heuristic techniques or single quality signals, limiting their ability to evaluate data quality…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-23 Liangyu Xu , Xuemiao Zhang , Feiyu Duan , Sirui Wang , Rongxiang Weng , Jingang Wang , Xunliang Cai

With the proliferation of distributed data sources, Federated Learning (FL) has emerged as a key approach to enable collaborative intelligence through decentralized model training while preserving data privacy. However, conventional FL…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Noorain Mukhtiar , Adnan Mahmood , Quan Z. Sheng

Intelligent, large-scale IoT ecosystems have become possible due to recent advancements in sensing technologies, distributed learning, and low-power inference in embedded devices. In traditional cloud-centric approaches, raw data is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-16 Theo Chow , Usman Raza , Ioannis Mavromatis , Aftab Khan

Recently, data heterogeneity among the training datasets on the local clients (a.k.a., Non-IID data) has attracted intense interest in Federated Learning (FL), and many personalized federated learning methods have been proposed to handle…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-22 Xueyang Tang , Song Guo , Jie Zhang

With the rapid proliferation of smart mobile devices, federated learning (FL) has been widely considered for application in wireless networks for distributed model training. However, data heterogeneity, e.g., non-independently identically…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-08 Xuefeng Han , Jun Li , Wen Chen , Zhen Mei , Kang Wei , Ming Ding , H. Vincent Poor

Wireless federated learning (WFL) suffers from heterogeneity prevailing in the data distributions, computing powers, and channel conditions of participating devices. This paper presents a new Federated Learning with Adjusted leaRning ratE…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-04-24 Bingnan Xiao , Jingjing Zhang , Wei Ni , Xin Wang

A significant obstacle in the development of robust machine learning models is covariate shift, a form of distribution shift that occurs when the input distributions of the training and test sets differ while the conditional label…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-11-17 Nilesh Tripuraneni , Ben Adlam , Jeffrey Pennington

Distributed optimization is fundamental to modern machine learning applications like federated learning, but existing methods often struggle with ill-conditioned problems and face stability-versus-speed tradeoffs. We introduce fractional…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-04 Andrei Lixandru , Marcel van Gerven , Sergio Pequito

Federated Learning (FL) is a distributed machine learning protocol that allows a set of agents to collaboratively train a model without sharing their datasets. This makes FL particularly suitable for settings where data privacy is desired.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-12-03 Mustafa Safa Ozdayi , Murat Kantarcioglu

Recent studies in federated learning (FL) commonly train models on static datasets. However, real-world data often arrives as streams with shifting distributions, causing performance degradation known as concept drift. This paper analyzes…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-27 Fu Peng , Meng Zhang , Ming Tang

Machine-learning models contain information about the data they were trained on. This information leaks either through the model itself or through predictions made by the model. Consequently, when the training data contains sensitive…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-08-25 Awni Hannun , Chuan Guo , Laurens van der Maaten

Federated Learning (FL) enables collaborative training across multiple clients while preserving data privacy, yet it struggles with data heterogeneity, where clients' data are not distributed independently and identically (non-IID). This…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Incheol Baek , Hyungbin Kim , Minseo Kim , Yon Dohn Chung