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Using Reinforcement Learning with Verifiable Rewards (RLVR) to optimize Large Language Models (LLMs) can be conceptualized as progressively editing a query's `Reasoning Tree'. This process involves exploring nodes (tokens) and dynamically…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Hong Wang , Zhezheng Hao , Jian Luo , Chenxing Wei , Yao Shu , Lei Liu , Qiang Lin , Hande Dong , Jiawei Chen

The Cox proportional hazards model is often used to analyze data from Randomized Controlled Trials (RCT) with time-to-event outcomes. Random survival forest (RSF) is a machine-learning algorithm known for its high predictive performance. We…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-05-28 Ricarda Graf , Susan Todd , M. Fazil Baksh

Random forests are an ensemble method relevant for many problems, such as regression or classification. They are popular due to their good predictive performance (compared to, e.g., decision trees) requiring only minimal tuning of…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-10-20 Nikolaus Umlauf , Nadja Klein

We study contextual stochastic optimization problems, where we leverage rich auxiliary observations (e.g., product characteristics) to improve decision making with uncertain variables (e.g., demand). We show how to train forest decision…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2022-03-17 Nathan Kallus , Xiaojie Mao

In this paper we develop a new machine learning estimator for ordered choice models based on the random forest. The proposed Ordered Forest flexibly estimates the conditional choice probabilities while taking the ordering information…

Econometrics · Economics 2022-09-09 Michael Lechner , Gabriel Okasa

Clinicians need ranking systems that work in real time and still justify their choices. Motivated by the need for a low-latency, decoder-based reranker, we present OG-Rank, a single-decoder approach that pairs a pooled first-token scoring…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Praphul Singh , Corey Barrett , Sumana Srivasta , Irfan Bulu , Sri Gadde , Krishnaram Kenthapadi

Random forests have become an important tool for improving accuracy in regression and classification problems since their inception by Leo Breiman in 2001. In this paper, we revisit a historically important random forest model originally…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-06-24 Jason M. Klusowski

We propose a novel algorithm for optimizing multivariate linear threshold functions as split functions of decision trees to create improved Random Forest classifiers. Standard tree induction methods resort to sampling and exhaustive search…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2015-06-26 Mohammad Norouzi , Maxwell D. Collins , David J. Fleet , Pushmeet Kohli

Recurrent events are common in clinical, healthcare, social and behavioral studies. A recent analysis framework for potentially censored recurrent event data is to construct a censored longitudinal data set consisting of times to the first…

Applications · Statistics 2025-02-11 Abigail Loe , Susan Murray , Zhenke Wu

We propose a novel multivariate nonparametric multiple change point detection method using classifiers. We construct a classifier log-likelihood ratio that uses class probability predictions to compare different change point configurations.…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-08-16 Malte Londschien , Peter Bühlmann , Solt Kovács

Random Forests (RFs) are strong machine learning tools for classification and regression. However, they remain supervised algorithms, and no extension of RFs to the one-class setting has been proposed, except for techniques based on…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2016-11-22 Nicolas Goix , Nicolas Drougard , Romain Brault , Maël Chiapino

With the increasing complexity of large-scale software systems, identifying all necessary modifications for a specific change is challenging. Co-changed methods, which are methods frequently modified together, are crucial for understanding…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-12-02 Yiping Jia , Safwat Hassan , Ying Zou

The regularized random forest (RRF) was recently proposed for feature selection by building only one ensemble. In RRF the features are evaluated on a part of the training data at each tree node. We derive an upper bound for the number of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2013-06-21 Houtao Deng , George Runger

Random forests are among the most popular classification and regression methods used in industrial applications. To be effective, the parameters of random forests must be carefully tuned. This is usually done by choosing values that…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2018-07-03 C. H. Bryan Liu , Benjamin Paul Chamberlain , Duncan A. Little , Angelo Cardoso

While there are many well-developed data science methods for classification and regression, there are relatively few methods for working with right-censored data. Here, we present "survival stacking": a method for casting survival analysis…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-07-29 Erin Craig , Chenyang Zhong , Robert Tibshirani

Scoring systems are highly interpretable and widely used to evaluate time-to-event outcomes in healthcare research. However, existing time-to-event scores are predominantly created ad-hoc using a few manually selected variables based on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-11 Feng Xie , Yilin Ning , Han Yuan , Benjamin Alan Goldstein , Marcus Eng Hock Ong , Nan Liu , Bibhas Chakraborty

The conditional survival function of a time-to-event outcome subject to censoring and truncation is a common target of estimation in survival analysis. This parameter may be of scientific interest and also often appears as a nuisance in…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-08-20 Charles J. Wolock , Peter B. Gilbert , Noah Simon , Marco Carone

Capturing the conditional covariances or correlations among the elements of a multivariate response vector based on covariates is important to various fields including neuroscience, epidemiology and biomedicine. We propose a new method…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-05-12 Cansu Alakus , Denis Larocque , Aurelie Labbe

Survival random forest is a popular machine learning tool for modeling censored survival data. However, there is currently no statistically valid and computationally feasible approach for estimating its confidence band. This paper proposes…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-04-27 Sarah Elizabeth Formentini , Wei Liang , Ruoqing Zhu

We propose a generalized win fraction regression framework for prioritized composite survival outcomes. The framework models the conditional win fraction through a chosen link function (including identity, logit, or probit), thereby…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-04-08 Zhiqiang Cao , Xi Fang , Fan Li