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The ability to understand and answer questions over documents can be useful in many business and practical applications. However, documents often contain lengthy and diverse multimodal contents such as texts, figures, and tables, which are…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-12 Yew Ken Chia , Liying Cheng , Hou Pong Chan , Chaoqun Liu , Maojia Song , Sharifah Mahani Aljunied , Soujanya Poria , Lidong Bing

Multimodal Retrieval-Augmented Generation (MRAG) is widely adopted for Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) with external evidence to reduce hallucinations. Despite its success, most existing MRAG frameworks treat retrieved evidence as…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-05-01 Xihang Wang , Zihan Wang , Chengkai Huang , Cao Liu , Ke Zeng , Quan Z. Sheng , Lina Yao

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) has emerged as a promising technique to enhance the quality and relevance of responses generated by large language models. While recent advancements have mainly focused on improving RAG for text-based…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Ainulla Khan , Yamada Moyuru , Srinidhi Akella

Recent advancements in Unified Multimodal Models (UMMs) have enabled remarkable image understanding and generation capabilities. However, while models like Gemini-2.5-Flash-Image show emerging abilities to reason over multiple related…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Mingrui Wu , Hang Liu , Jiayi Ji , Xiaoshuai Sun , Rongrong Ji

In the era of Large Language Models (LLMs), tremendous strides have been made in the field of multimodal understanding. However, existing advanced algorithms are limited to effectively utilizing the immense representation capabilities and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-09-06 Hao Feng , Zijian Wang , Jingqun Tang , Jinghui Lu , Wengang Zhou , Houqiang Li , Can Huang

Large multimodal models (LMMs) have achieved impressive progress in vision-language understanding, yet they face limitations in real-world applications requiring complex reasoning over a large number of images. Existing benchmarks for…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-09 Jun Chen , Dannong Xu , Junjie Fei , Chun-Mei Feng , Mohamed Elhoseiny

The rapid evolution of Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) toward multimodal, high-stakes enterprise applications has outpaced the development of domain specific evaluation benchmarks. Existing datasets often rely on general-domain corpora…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-23 Chandan Kumar Sahu , Premith Kumar Chilukuri , Matthew Hetrich

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) systems have revolutionized information retrieval and question answering, but traditional text-based chunking methods struggle with complex document structures, multi-page tables, embedded figures, and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-15 Vishesh Tripathi , Tanmay Odapally , Indraneel Das , Uday Allu , Biddwan Ahmed

Existing multimodal retrieval benchmarks primarily focus on evaluating whether models can retrieve and utilize external textual knowledge for question answering. However, there are scenarios where retrieving visual information is either…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-21 Wenbo Hu , Jia-Chen Gu , Zi-Yi Dou , Mohsen Fayyaz , Pan Lu , Kai-Wei Chang , Nanyun Peng

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) systems are showing promising potential, and are becoming increasingly relevant in AI-powered legal applications. Existing benchmarks, such as LegalBench, assess the generative capabilities of Large…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-08-21 Nicholas Pipitone , Ghita Houir Alami

We introduce MRMR, the first expert-level multidisciplinary multimodal retrieval benchmark requiring intensive reasoning. MRMR contains 1,502 queries spanning 23 domains, with positive documents carefully verified by human experts. Compared…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Siyue Zhang , Yuan Gao , Xiao Zhou , Yilun Zhao , Tingyu Song , Arman Cohan , Anh Tuan Luu , Chen Zhao

We introduce MiRAGE, an evaluation framework for retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) from multimodal sources. As audiovisual media becomes a prevalent source of information online, it is essential for RAG systems to integrate information…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-30 Alexander Martin , William Walden , Reno Kriz , Dengjia Zhang , Kate Sanders , Eugene Yang , Chihsheng Jin , Benjamin Van Durme

Case-based reasoning (CBR) is an experience-based approach to problem solving, where a repository of solved cases is adapted to solve new cases. Recent research shows that Large Language Models (LLMs) with Retrieval-Augmented Generation…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-01-10 Ofir Marom

Recent advances in multi-modal generative models have driven substantial improvements in image editing. However, current generative models still struggle with handling diverse and complex image editing tasks that require implicit reasoning,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Feng Han , Yibin Wang , Chenglin Li , Zheming Liang , Dianyi Wang , Yang Jiao , Zhipeng Wei , Chao Gong , Cheng Jin , Jingjing Chen , Jiaqi Wang

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated impressive capabilities in answering questions, but they lack domain-specific knowledge and are prone to hallucinations. Retrieval Augmented Generation (RAG) is one approach to address these…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-30 Monica Riedler , Stefan Langer

With the rapid development of Large Language Models (LLMs), Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) has become a predominant method in the field of professional knowledge-based question answering. Presently, major foundation model companies…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-01-24 Demiao Lin

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) pipelines must address challenges beyond simple single-document retrieval, such as interpreting visual elements (tables, charts, images), synthesizing information across documents, and providing accurate…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-22 António Loison , Quentin Macé , Antoine Edy , Victor Xing , Tom Balough , Gabriel Moreira , Bo Liu , Manuel Faysse , Céline Hudelot , Gautier Viaud

Understanding multimodal long-context documents that comprise multimodal chunks such as paragraphs, figures, and tables is challenging due to (1) cross-modal heterogeneity to localize relevant information across modalities, (2) cross-page…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-02-16 Yongyue Zhang , Yaxiong Wu

Multimodal Retrieval-Augmented Generation (MRAG) addresses key limitations of Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs), such as hallucination and outdated knowledge. However, current MRAG systems struggle to distinguish whether retrieved…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-01 Xihang Wang , Zihan Wang , Chengkai Huang , Quan Z. Sheng , Lina Yao

This paper introduces the task of analytical question answering over large, semi-structured document collections. We present MuDABench, a benchmark for multi-document analytical QA, where questions require extracting and synthesizing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-27 Zhanli Li , Yixuan Cao , Lvzhou Luo , Ping Luo