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Fine-tuning large language models (LLMs) often faces GPU memory bottlenecks: the backward pass of first-order optimizers like Adam increases memory usage to more than 10 times the inference level (e.g., 633 GB for OPT-30B). Zeroth-order…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-01 Sizhe Dang , Yangyang Guo , Yanjun Zhao , Haishan Ye , Xiaodong Zheng , Guang Dai , Ivor Tsang

While post-training compression techniques effectively reduce the memory footprint, latency, and power consumption of Large Language Models (LLMs), they often result in noticeable accuracy degradation and remain limited by hardware and…

Parameter-Efficient Fine-Tuning (PEFT), particularly Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA), has become a standard approach for adapting Large Language Models (LLMs) under limited compute. However, in continual settings where models are updated…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Hung Le , Svetha Venkatesh

Quantization is an effective technique to reduce the deployment cost of large language models (LLMs), and post-training quantization (PTQ) has been widely studied due to its efficiency. However, existing PTQ methods are limited by their…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Qitao Tan , Xiaoying Song , Jin Lu , Guoming Li , Jun Liu , Lingzi Hong , Caiwen Ding , Jundong Li , Xiaoming Zhai , Shaoyi Huang , Wei Niu , Geng Yuan

Parameter-Efficient Fine-tuning (PEFT) facilitates the fine-tuning of Large Language Models (LLMs) under limited resources. However, the fine-tuning performance with PEFT on complex, knowledge-intensive tasks is limited due to the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-10 Jitai Hao , WeiWei Sun , Xin Xin , Qi Meng , Zhumin Chen , Pengjie Ren , Zhaochun Ren

Large language models (LLMs) are a promising avenue for machine translation (MT). However, current LLM-based MT systems are brittle: their effectiveness highly depends on the choice of few-shot examples and they often require extra…

Parameter-Efficient Fine-Tuning (PEFT) is widely used for adapting Large Language Models (LLMs) for various tasks. Recently, there has been an increasing demand for fine-tuning a single LLM for multiple tasks because it requires overall…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Anjir Ahmed Chowdhury , Syed Zawad , Xiaolong Ma , Xu Dong , Feng Yan

Efficient on-device language models around 1 billion parameters are essential for powering low-latency AI applications on mobile and wearable devices. However, achieving strong performance in this model class, while supporting long context…

Large language models (LLMs) with chain-of-thought reasoning achieve state-of-the-art performance across complex problem-solving tasks, but their verbose reasoning traces and large context requirements make them impractical for edge…

Within the realm of software engineering, specialized tasks on code, such as program repair, present unique challenges, necessitating fine-tuning Large language models~(LLMs) to unlock state-of-the-art performance. Fine-tuning approaches…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Boyang Yang , Haoye Tian , Jiadong Ren , Hongyu Zhang , Jacques Klein , Tegawendé F. Bissyandé , Claire Le Goues , Shunfu Jin

Large language models (LLMs) exhibit substantial potential across diverse scientific disciplines, including materials science. A property prediction framework, ZEBRA-Prop (Zero-Shot Embedding-Based Rapid and Accessible Regression Model for…

Materials Science · Physics 2026-03-30 Ryoma Yamamoto , Akira Takahashi , Kei Terayama , Yu Kumagai , Fumiyasu Oba

Despite the impressive performance of large language models (LLMs), they often lag behind specialized models in various tasks. LLMs only use a fraction of the existing training data for in-context learning, while task-specific models…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-02 Giorgos Vernikos , Arthur Bražinskas , Jakub Adamek , Jonathan Mallinson , Aliaksei Severyn , Eric Malmi

Open-source foundation models have seen rapid adoption and development, enabling powerful general-purpose capabilities across diverse domains. However, fine-tuning large foundation models for domain-specific or personalized tasks remains…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-06 Hsi-Che Lin , Yu-Chu Yu , Kai-Po Chang , Yu-Chiang Frank Wang

With the increasing number of mobile devices, there has been continuous research on generating optimized Language Models (LMs) for soft keyboard. In spite of advances in this domain, building a single LM for low-end feature phones as well…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-01-12 Sharmila Mani , Sourabh Vasant Gothe , Sourav Ghosh , Ajay Kumar Mishra , Prakhar Kulshreshtha , Bhargavi M , Muthu Kumaran

Fine-tuning provides an effective means to specialize pre-trained models for various downstream tasks. However, fine-tuning often incurs high memory overhead, especially for large transformer-based models, such as LLMs. While existing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-03 Antoine Simoulin , Namyong Park , Xiaoyi Liu , Grey Yang

This work presents BAdam, an optimization method that leverages the block coordinate descent (BCD) framework with Adam's update rule. BAdam offers a memory efficient approach to the full parameter finetuning of large language models. We…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-18 Qijun Luo , Hengxu Yu , Xiao Li

While mobile devices provide ever more compute power, improvements in DRAM bandwidth are much slower. This is unfortunate for large language model (LLM) token generation, which is heavily memory-bound. Previous work has proposed to leverage…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-04 Marco Federici , Davide Belli , Mart van Baalen , Amir Jalalirad , Andrii Skliar , Bence Major , Markus Nagel , Paul Whatmough

This paper focuses on developing modern, efficient, lightweight models for dense predictions while trading off parameters, FLOPs, and performance. Inverted Residual Block (IRB) serves as the infrastructure for lightweight CNNs, but no…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-08-15 Jiangning Zhang , Xiangtai Li , Jian Li , Liang Liu , Zhucun Xue , Boshen Zhang , Zhengkai Jiang , Tianxin Huang , Yabiao Wang , Chengjie Wang

While Large Language Models (LLMs) have revolutionized artificial intelligence, fine-tuning LLMs is extraordinarily computationally expensive, preventing smaller businesses and research teams with limited GPU resources from engaging with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Daniel Frees , Aditri Bhagirath , Moritz Bolling

Large Language Models (LLMs) are typically trained in two phases: pre-training on large internet-scale datasets, and fine-tuning for downstream tasks. Given the higher computational demand of pre-training, it's intuitive to assume that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-15 James Liu , Guangxuan Xiao , Kai Li , Jason D. Lee , Song Han , Tri Dao , Tianle Cai
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