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In this paper we address cardinality estimation problem which is an important subproblem in query optimization. Query optimization is a part of every relational DBMS responsible for finding the best way of the execution for the given query.…

Databases · Computer Science 2017-11-23 Oleg Ivanov , Sergey Bartunov

Cardinality estimation is a fundamental task in database query processing and optimization. As shown in recent papers, machine learning (ML)-based approaches can deliver more accurate cardinality estimations than traditional approaches.…

Databases · Computer Science 2022-01-19 Lucas Woltmann , Claudio Hartmann , Dirk Habich , Wolfgang Lehner

We implement and evaluate deep learning for cardinality estimation by studying the accuracy, space and time trade-offs across several architectures. We find that simple deep learning models can learn cardinality estimations across a variety…

Databases · Computer Science 2019-09-13 Jennifer Ortiz , Magdalena Balazinska , Johannes Gehrke , S. Sathiya Keerthi

Modern database optimizer relies on cardinality estimator, whose accuracy directly affects the optimizer's ability to choose an optimal execution plan. Recent work on data-driven methods has leveraged probabilistic models to achieve higher…

Databases · Computer Science 2025-12-11 Xiao Yan , Tiezheng Nie , Boyang Fang , Derong Shen , Kou Yue , Yu Ge

Most query optimizers rely on cardinality estimates to determine optimal execution plans. While traditional databases such as PostgreSQL, Oracle, and Db2 utilize many types of synopses -- including histograms, samples, and sketches --…

Databases · Computer Science 2023-11-30 Asoke Datta , Brian Tsan , Yesdaulet Izenov , Florin Rusu

Cardinality estimation is a critical component and a longstanding challenge in modern data warehouses. ByteHouse, ByteDance's cloud-native engine for extensive data analysis in exabyte-scale environments, serves numerous internal…

Databases · Computer Science 2024-04-12 Yuxing Han , Haoyu Wang , Lixiang Chen , Yifeng Dong , Xing Chen , Benquan Yu , Chengcheng Yang , Weining Qian

Cardinality estimation remains a fundamental challenge in query optimization, often resulting in sub-optimal execution plans and degraded performance. While errors in cardinality estimation are inevitable, existing methods for identifying…

Databases · Computer Science 2025-01-29 Asoke Datta , Yesdaulet Izenov , Brian Tsan , Abylay Amanbayev , Florin Rusu

Recent work has reemphasized the importance of cardinality estimates for query optimization. While new techniques have continuously improved in accuracy over time, they still generally allow for under-estimates which often lead optimizers…

Databases · Computer Science 2022-11-21 Kyle Deeds , Dan Suciu , Magda Balazinska

Cardinality estimation is a fundamental but long unresolved problem in query optimization. Recently, multiple papers from different research groups consistently report that learned models have the potential to replace existing cardinality…

Databases · Computer Science 2021-08-12 Xiaoying Wang , Changbo Qu , Weiyuan Wu , Jiannan Wang , Qingqing Zhou

Cardinality estimation (CardEst) plays a significant role in generating high-quality query plans for a query optimizer in DBMS. In the last decade, an increasing number of advanced CardEst methods (especially ML-based) have been proposed…

Database Management Systems (DBMSs) process a given query by creating a query plan, which is subsequently executed, to compute the query's result. Deriving an efficient query plan is challenging, and both academia and industry have invested…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-01-11 Jinsheng Ba , Manuel Rigger

In recent years, \emph{learned cardinality estimation} has emerged as an alternative to traditional query optimization methods: by training machine learning models over observed query performance, learned cardinality estimation techniques…

Databases · Computer Science 2023-12-05 Peizhi Wu , Ryan Marcus , Zachary G. Ives

Cardinality estimation is a fundamental task in database management systems, aiming to predict query results accurately without executing the queries. However, existing techniques either achieve low estimation accuracy or incur high…

Databases · Computer Science 2025-08-14 Yaoyu Zhu , Jintao Zhang , Guoliang Li , Jianhua Feng

Cardinality estimation is crucial for enabling high query performance in relational databases. Recently learned cardinality estimation models have been proposed to improve accuracy but there is no systematic benchmark or datasets which…

Databases · Computer Science 2024-08-30 Yannis Chronis , Yawen Wang , Yu Gan , Sami Abu-El-Haija , Chelsea Lin , Carsten Binnig , Fatma Özcan

We study two classes of summary-based cardinality estimators that use statistics about input relations and small-size joins in the context of graph database management systems: (i) optimistic estimators that make uniformity and conditional…

Databases · Computer Science 2021-05-20 Jeremy Chen , Yuqing Huang , Mushi Wang , Semih Salihoglu , Ken Salem

We study the problem of cardinality estimation for LIKE queries on string data, focusing on the most common patterns in real workloads: prefix, suffix, and substring queries. We propose LEARNT, a LIKE query Estimator with Accuracy,…

Databases · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Hai Lan , Zhifeng Bao , Divesh Srivastava , Shixun Huang , Yuwei Peng , Yang Yu

Cardinality Estimation is to estimate the size of the output of a query without computing it, by using only statistics on the input relations. Existing estimators try to return an unbiased estimate of the cardinality: this is notoriously…

Databases · Computer Science 2024-12-03 Mahmoud Abo Khamis , Kyle Deeds , Dan Olteanu , Dan Suciu

Modern Cardinality Estimators struggle with data updates. This research tackles this challenge within single-table. We introduce ICE, an Index-based Cardinality Estimator, the first data-driven estimator that enables instant, tuple-leveled…

Databases · Computer Science 2024-09-02 Yingze Li , Xianglong Liu , Hongzhi Wang , Kaixin Zhang , Zixuan Wang

Due to the outstanding capability of capturing underlying data distributions, deep learning techniques have been recently utilized for a series of traditional database problems. In this paper, we investigate the possibilities of utilizing…

Databases · Computer Science 2021-09-27 Yaoshu Wang , Chuan Xiao , Jianbin Qin , Xin Cao , Yifang Sun , Wei Wang , Makoto Onizuka

The cardinality estimation is a key aspect of query optimization research, and its performance has significantly improved with the integration of machine learning. To overcome the "cold start" problem or the lack of model transferability in…

Databases · Computer Science 2025-05-29 Boyang Fang
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