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Federated Learning (FL) enables a group of clients to collaboratively train a model without sharing individual data, but its performance drops when client data are heterogeneous. Clustered FL tackles this by grouping similar clients.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-02 Anik Pramanik , Murat Kantarcioglu , Vincent Oria , Shantanu Sharma

To enable large-scale and efficient deployment of artificial intelligence (AI), the combination of AI and edge computing has spawned Edge Intelligence, which leverages the computing and communication capabilities of end devices and edge…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-03-14 Yaqian Qi , Yuan Feng , Xiangxiang Wang , Hanzhe Li , Jingxiao Tian

Federated Learning (FL) is a paradigm for jointly training machine learning algorithms in a decentralized manner which allows for parties to communicate with an aggregator to create and train a model, without exposing the underlying raw…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-09-07 Katelinh Jones , Yuya Jeremy Ong , Yi Zhou , Nathalie Baracaldo

Federated Learning (FL) on non-independently and identically distributed (non-IID) data remains a critical challenge, as existing approaches struggle with severe data heterogeneity. Current methods primarily address symptoms of non-IID by…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-21 Hui Yeok Wong , Chee Kau Lim , Chee Seng Chan

Federated learning (FL) is a privacy-preserving paradigm for collaboratively training a global model from decentralized clients. However, the performance of FL is hindered by non-independent and identically distributed (non-IID) data and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-08 Xinyu Zhang , Weiyu Sun , Ying Chen

Clustered Federated Learning (CFL) addresses the challenges posed by non-IID data by training multiple group- or cluster-specific expert models. However, existing methods often overlook the shared information across clusters, which…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-26 Zeqi Leng , Chunxu Zhang , Guodong Long , Riting Xia , Bo Yang

Federated Learning (FL) marks a transformative approach to distributed model training by combining locally optimized models from various clients into a unified global model. While FL preserves data privacy by eliminating centralized…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-08 Pranab Sahoo , Ashutosh Tripathi , Sriparna Saha , Samrat Mondal

Federated Learning (FL) has emerged as a promising decentralized learning (DL) approach that enables the use of distributed data without compromising user privacy. However, FL poses several key challenges. First, it is frequently assumed…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-29 Zahid Iqbal

Federated learning (FL) can fully leverage large-scale terminal data while ensuring privacy and security, and is considered as a distributed alternative for the centralized machine learning. However, the issue of data heterogeneity poses…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-27 Xianke Qiang , Zheng Chang , Ying-Chang Liang

Federated Learning (FL) is a decentralized machine learning (ML) paradigm in which models are trained on private data across several devices called clients and combined at a single node called an aggregator rather than aggregating the data…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-05-07 Sarang S , Druva Dhakshinamoorthy , Aditya Shiva Sharma , Yuvraj Singh Bhadauria , Siddharth Chaitra Vivek , Arihant Bansal , Arnab K. Paul

Federated learning (FL) is a technique that trains machine learning models from decentralized data sources. We study FL under local notions of privacy constraints, which provides strong protection against sensitive data disclosures via…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-23 Yan Feng , Tao Xiong , Ruofan Wu , LingJuan Lv , Leilei Shi

In this paper, we address the dichotomy between heterogeneous models and simultaneous training in Federated Learning (FL) via a clustering framework. We define a new clustering model for FL based on the (optimal) local models of the users:…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-10-24 Harshvardhan , Avishek Ghosh , Arya Mazumdar

Federated Learning (FL) is a decentralized learning method used to train machine learning algorithms. In FL, a global model iteratively collects the parameters of local models without accessing their local data. However, a significant…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-29 Mingjie Wang , Jianxiong Guo , Weijia Jia

Federated Learning (FL) is a distributed approach to collaboratively training machine learning models. FL requires a high level of communication between the devices and a central server, thus imposing several challenges, including…

Federated Learning (FL) has gained significant attention as it facilitates collaborative machine learning among multiple clients without centralizing their data on a server. FL ensures the privacy of participating clients by locally storing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-07 Huiqiang Chen , Tianqing Zhu , Wanlei Zhou , Wei Zhao

In federated learning, the heterogeneity of client data has a great impact on the performance of model training. Many heterogeneity issues in this process are raised by non-independently and identically distributed (non-IID) data. To…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-25 Xiufang Shi , Wei Zhang , Yuheng Li , Mincheng Wu , Zhenyu Wen , Shibo He , Tejal Shah , Rajiv Ranjan

Federated learning (FL) is a machine learning paradigm where multiple clients collaborate to optimize a single global model using their private data. The global model is maintained by a central server that orchestrates the FL training…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-14 Waqwoya Abebe , Pablo Munoz , Ali Jannesari

Federated learning is a method of training a global model from decentralized data distributed across client devices. Here, model parameters are computed locally by each client device and exchanged with a central server, which aggregates the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-12-23 Sagar Dhakal , Saurav Prakash , Yair Yona , Shilpa Talwar , Nageen Himayat

Federated learning (FL) is a privacy-promoting framework that enables potentially large number of clients to collaboratively train machine learning models. In a FL system, a server coordinates the collaboration by collecting and aggregating…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-04-21 Huancheng Chen , Haris Vikalo

Mobile Edge Computing (MEC), which incorporates the Cloud, edge nodes and end devices, has shown great potential in bringing data processing closer to the data sources. Meanwhile, Federated learning (FL) has emerged as a promising…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2021-04-26 Wentai Wu , Ligang He , Weiwei Lin , Rui Mao