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The detection of previously unseen network attacks remains a major challenge for intrusion detection systems. Although supervised learning methods often perform well on known attack classes, they are limited when new attack types are not…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-22 Saif Alzubi , Frederic Stahl

Unsupervised Anomaly Detection (UAD) techniques aim to identify and localize anomalies without relying on annotations, only leveraging a model trained on a dataset known to be free of anomalies. Diffusion models learn to modify inputs $x$…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-06 Sergio Naval Marimont , Matthew Baugh , Vasilis Siomos , Christos Tzelepis , Bernhard Kainz , Giacomo Tarroni

Outlier detection is a key field of machine learning for identifying abnormal data objects. Due to the high expense of acquiring ground truth, unsupervised models are often chosen in practice. To compensate for the unstable nature of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-02-11 Yue Zhao , Xueying Ding , Jianing Yang , Haoping Bai

The detection of lesions in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-scans of human brains remains challenging, time-consuming and error-prone. Recently, unsupervised anomaly detection (UAD) methods have shown promising results for this task. These…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-04-13 Finn Behrendt , Marcel Bengs , Frederik Rogge , Julia Krüger , Roland Opfer , Alexander Schlaefer

Anomaly detection (AD) plays a pivotal role in AI applications, e.g., in classification, and intrusion/threat detection in cybersecurity. However, most existing methods face challenges of heterogeneity amongst feature subsets posed by…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-01-15 Phai Vu Dinh , Diep N. Nguyen , Dinh Thai Hoang , Quang Uy Nguyen , Eryk Dutkiewicz

Graph anomaly detection (GAD) has garnered increasing attention in recent years, yet remains challenging due to two key factors: (1) label scarcity stemming from the high cost of annotations and (2) homophily disparity at node and class…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-30 Yunhui Liu , Jiashun Cheng , Yiqing Lin , Qizhuo Xie , Jia Li , Fugee Tsung , Hongzhi Yin , Tao Zheng , Jianhua Zhao , Tieke He

Anomaly detection in images plays a significant role for many applications across all industries, such as disease diagnosis in healthcare or quality assurance in manufacturing. Manual inspection of images, when extended over a monotonously…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-07-21 Vincent Wilmet , Sauraj Verma , Tabea Redl , Håkon Sandaker , Zhenning Li

Training a unified model is considered to be more suitable for practical industrial anomaly detection scenarios due to its generalization ability and storage efficiency. However, this multi-class setting, which exclusively uses normal data,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-20 Jianlong Hu , Xu Chen , Zhenye Gan , Jinlong Peng , Shengchuan Zhang , Jiangning Zhang , Yabiao Wang , Chengjie Wang , Liujuan Cao , Rongrong Ji

Unsupervised anomaly detection with localization has many practical applications when labeling is infeasible and, moreover, when anomaly examples are completely missing in the train data. While recently proposed models for such data setup…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-07-28 Denis Gudovskiy , Shun Ishizaka , Kazuki Kozuka

Ultrasonic metal welding (UMW) is widely used in industrial applications but is sensitive to tool wear, surface contamination, and material variability, which can lead to unexpected process faults and unsatisfactory weld quality.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-16 Ahmadreza Eslaminia , Kuan-Chieh Lu , Klara Nahrstedt , Chenhui Shao

Anomaly detection (AD) has been widely studied for decades in many real-world applications, including fraud detection in finance, and intrusion detection for cybersecurity, etc. Due to the imbalanced nature between protected and unprotected…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-18 Ziwei Wu , Lecheng Zheng , Yuancheng Yu , Ruizhong Qiu , John Birge , Jingrui He

Anomaly detection (AD) is a fundamental research problem in machine learning and computer vision, with practical applications in industrial inspection, video surveillance, and medical diagnosis. In medical imaging, AD is especially vital…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-04-30 Jinan Bao , Hanshi Sun , Hanqiu Deng , Yinsheng He , Zhaoxiang Zhang , Xingyu Li

Recently, large vision and language models have shown their success when adapting them to many downstream tasks. In this paper, we present a unified framework named CLIP-ADA for Anomaly Detection by Adapting a pre-trained CLIP model. To…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-15 Yuxuan Cai , Xinwei He , Dingkang Liang , Ao Tong , Xiang Bai

Anomaly synthesis strategies can effectively enhance unsupervised anomaly detection. However, existing strategies have limitations in the coverage and controllability of anomaly synthesis, particularly for weak defects that are very similar…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-15 Qiyu Chen , Huiyuan Luo , Chengkan Lv , Zhengtao Zhang

Unsupervised Anomaly detection (AD) requires building a notion of normalcy, distinguishing in-distribution (ID) and out-of-distribution (OOD) data, using only available ID samples. Recently, large gains were made on this task for the domain…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-03-22 Mohamed Yousef , Marcel Ackermann , Unmesh Kurup , Tom Bishop

Zero-shot 3D anomaly detection aims to identify anomalies without access to training data from target categories. However, existing methods mainly rely on projecting 3D observations into multi-view representations that primarily capture…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Letian Bai , Xuanming Cao , Juan Du , Chengyu Tao

Effective feature selection is essential for high-dimensional data analysis and machine learning. Unsupervised feature selection (UFS) aims to simultaneously cluster data and identify the most discriminative features. Most existing UFS…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-03-23 Feng Yu , MD Saifur Rahman Mazumder , Ying Su , Oscar Contreras Velasco

Change detection (CD) aims to identify surface changes from multi-temporal remote sensing imagery. In real-world scenarios, Pixel-level change labels are expensive to acquire, and existing models struggle to adapt to scenarios with diverse…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-24 Kaixuan Jiang , Chen Wu , Zhenghui Zhao , Chengxi Han , Haonan Guo , Hongruixuan Chen

Traditional deep learning models often lack annotated data, especially in cross-domain applications such as anomaly detection, which is critical for early disease diagnosis in medicine and defect detection in industry. To address this…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-06 Wahyu Rahmaniar , Kenji Suzuki

Video anomaly detection (VAD) addresses the problem of automatically finding anomalous events in video data. The primary data modalities on which current VAD systems work on are monochrome or RGB images. Using depth data in this context…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-04-13 Pascal Schneider , Jason Rambach , Bruno Mirbach , Didier Stricker