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We introduce GSU, a text-only grid dataset to evaluate the spatial reasoning capabilities of LLMs over 3 core tasks: navigation, object localization, and structure composition. By forgoing visual inputs, isolating spatial reasoning from…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-19 Risham Sidhu , Julia Hockenmaier

Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) models have emerged as a promising direction for scaling vision architectures efficiently. Among them, Soft MoE improves training stability by assigning each token to all experts via continuous dispatch weights.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Chengxi Min , Wei Wang , Yahui Liu , Weixin Ye , Enver Sangineto , Qi Wang , Yao Zhao

Uniform and variable environments still remain a challenge for stable visual localization and mapping in mobile robot navigation. One of the possible approaches suitable for such environments is appearance-based teach-and-repeat navigation,…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-03-18 Václav Truhlařík , Tomáš Pivoňka , Michal Kasarda , Libor Přeučil

Vision-and-Language Navigation (VLN) requires grounding instructions, such as "turn right and stop at the door", to routes in a visual environment. The actual grounding can connect language to the environment through multiple modalities,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-06-11 Ronghang Hu , Daniel Fried , Anna Rohrbach , Dan Klein , Trevor Darrell , Kate Saenko

Large vision-language models have significantly advanced GUI agents, enabling executable interaction across web, mobile, and desktop interfaces. Yet these gains largely rely on a forgiving region-tolerant paradigm, where many nearby pixels…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-18 Jingxuan Wei , Xi Bai , Shan Liu , Caijun Jia , Zheng Sun , Xinglong Xu , Siyuan Li , Linzhuang Sun , Bihui Yu , Conghui He , Cheng Tan

Recent advancements in Large Vision Language Models (LVLMs) have enabled the development of LVLM-based Graphical User Interface (GUI) agents under various paradigms. Training-based approaches, such as CogAgent and SeeClick, struggle with…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-02-17 Kunal Singh , Shreyas Singh , Mukund Khanna

Mapping and localization are two essential tasks for mobile robots in real-world applications. However, largescale and dynamic scenes challenge the accuracy and robustness of most current mature solutions. This situation becomes even worse…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-01-19 Fan Wang , Chaofan Zhang , Fulin Tang , Hongkui Jiang , Yihong Wu , Yong Liu

Vision Language Models (VLMs) mix visual tokens and text tokens. A puzzling issue is the fact that visual tokens most related to the query receive little to no attention in the final layers of the LLM module of VLMs from the answer tokens,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Parsa Esmaeilkhani , Longin Jan Latecki

Vision-and-language navigation requires an agent to navigate through a real 3D environment following natural language instructions. Despite significant advances, few previous works are able to fully utilize the strong correspondence between…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-10-06 Yicong Hong , Cristian Rodriguez-Opazo , Qi Wu , Stephen Gould

A navigable agent needs to understand both high-level semantic instructions and precise spatial perceptions. Building navigation agents centered on Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) demonstrates a promising solution due to their…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-02-18 Zerui Li , Hongpei Zheng , Fangguo Zhao , Aidan Chan , Jian Zhou , Sihao Lin , Shijie Li , Qi Wu

Inertial navigation systems (INS) are widely used in both manned and autonomous platforms. One of the most critical tasks prior to their operation is to accurately determine their initial alignment while stationary, as it forms the…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-11-20 Daniel Engelsman , Itzik Klein

Natural language-based robotic navigation remains a challenging problem due to the human knowledge of navigation constraints, and destination is not directly compatible with the robot knowledge base. In this paper, we aim to translate…

Robotics · Computer Science 2020-11-11 Rui Chen , Jinxin Zhao , Liangjun Zhang

Remote Sensing Visual Grounding (RSVG) aims to localize target objects in large-scale aerial imagery based on natural language descriptions. Owing to the vast spatial scale and high semantic ambiguity of remote sensing scenes, these…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-30 Shiqi Huang , Shuting He , Bihan Wen

Multimodal position encoding is essential for vision-language models, yet there has been little systematic investigation into multimodal position encoding. We conduct a comprehensive analysis of multimodal Rotary Positional Embedding (RoPE)…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Jie Huang , Xuejing Liu , Sibo Song , Ruibing Hou , Hong Chang , Junyang Lin , Shuai Bai

Object goal navigation aims to navigate an agent to locations of a given object category in unseen environments. Classical methods explicitly build maps of environments and require extensive engineering while lacking semantic information…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-08-11 Shizhe Chen , Thomas Chabal , Ivan Laptev , Cordelia Schmid

Multi-view 3D visual grounding is critical for autonomous driving vehicles to interpret natural languages and localize target objects in complex environments. However, existing datasets and methods suffer from coarse-grained language…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Fuhao Li , Huan Jin , Bin Gao , Liaoyuan Fan , Lihui Jiang , Long Zeng

Vision-language Models (VLMs) have shown remarkable capabilities in advancing general artificial intelligence, yet the irrational encoding of visual positions persists in inhibiting the models' comprehensive perception performance across…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-02-13 Zhanpeng Chen , Mingxiao Li , Ziyang Chen , Nan Du , Xiaolong Li , Yuexian Zou

Recent advances in large multimodal models (LMMs) have recognized fine-grained grounding as an imperative factor of visual understanding and dialogue. However, the benefits of such representation in LMMs are limited to the natural image…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-01-24 Akashah Shabbir , Mohammed Zumri , Mohammed Bennamoun , Fahad S. Khan , Salman Khan

Mobile GUI agents execute user commands by directly interacting with the graphical user interface (GUI) of mobile devices, demonstrating significant potential to enhance user convenience. However, these agents face considerable challenges…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-21 Fanglin Mo , Junzhe Chen , Haoxuan Zhu , Xuming Hu

The advances in Vision-Language models (VLMs) offer exciting opportunities for robotic applications involving image geo-localization, the problem of identifying the geo-coordinates of a place based on visual data only. Recent research works…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-01-29 Sania Waheed , Bruno Ferrarini , Michael Milford , Sarvapali D. Ramchurn , Shoaib Ehsan