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Reasoning is a cognitive process of using evidence to reach a sound conclusion. The reasoning capability is essential for large language models (LLMs) to serve as the brain of the artificial general intelligence agent. Recent studies reveal…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-09-06 Peiyi Wang , Lei Li , Liang Chen , Feifan Song , Binghuai Lin , Yunbo Cao , Tianyu Liu , Zhifang Sui

We present Attentive Reasoning Queries (ARQs), a novel structured reasoning approach that significantly improves instruction-following in Large Language Models through domain-specialized reasoning blueprints. While LLMs demonstrate…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-06 Bar Karov , Dor Zohar , Yam Marcovitz

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated powerful reasoning capabilities through Chain-of-Thought (CoT) in various tasks, yet the inefficiency of token-by-token generation hinders real-world deployment in latency-sensitive recommender…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Yiwen Chen , Fuwei Zhang , Zehao Chen , Deqing Wang , Hehan Li , Peizhi Xu , Hanmeng Liu , Shuanglong Li , Xin Pei , Fuzhen Zhuang , Zhao Zhang

We explore the internal mechanisms of how bias emerges in large language models (LLMs) when provided with ambiguous comparative prompts: inputs that compare or enforce choosing between two or more entities without providing clear context…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-31 Rishabh Adiga , Besmira Nushi , Varun Chandrasekaran

Large language model (LLM) agents have demonstrated impressive capabilities in utilizing external tools and knowledge to boost accuracy and reduce hallucinations. However, developing prompting techniques that enable LLM agents to…

Attention is a fundamental component behind the remarkable achievements of large language models (LLMs). However, our current understanding of the attention mechanism, especially regarding how attention distributions are established,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-25 Zhongzhi Yu , Zheng Wang , Yonggan Fu , Huihong Shi , Khalid Shaikh , Yingyan Celine Lin

Adaptive reasoning is essential for aligning the computational effort of large language models (LLMs) with the intrinsic difficulty of problems. Current chain-of-thought methods boost reasoning ability but indiscriminately generate long…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-17 Ruofan Zhang , Bin Xia , Zhen Cheng , Cairen Jian , Minglun Yang , Ngai Wong , Yuan Cheng

Large reasoning models (LRMs) achieve impressive reasoning capabilities by generating lengthy chain-of-thoughts, but this "overthinking" incurs high latency and cost without commensurate accuracy gains. In this work, we introduce AALC, a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-11 Ruosen Li , Ziming Luo , Quan Zhang , Ruochen Li , Ben Zhou , Ali Payani , Xinya Du

Existing approaches to mathematical reasoning with large language models (LLMs) rely on Chain-of-Thought (CoT) for generalizability or Tool-Integrated Reasoning (TIR) for precise computation. While efforts have been made to combine these…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-13 Xin Xu , Yan Xu , Tianhao Chen , Yuchen Yan , Chengwu Liu , Zaoyu Chen , Yufei Wang , Yichun Yin , Yasheng Wang , Lifeng Shang , Qun Liu , Lu Yin

Recent advances in test-time scaling suggest that Large Language Models (LLMs) can gain better capabilities by generating Chain-of-Thought reasoning (analogous to human thinking) to respond a given request, and meanwhile exploring more…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Yuhang Wang , Youhe Jiang , Bin Cui , Fangcheng Fu

Entity Linking (EL) has traditionally relied on large annotated datasets and extensive model fine-tuning. While recent few-shot methods leverage large language models (LLMs) through prompting to reduce training requirements, they often…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-20 Yajie Li , Albert Galimov , Mitra Datta Ganapaneni , Pujitha Thejaswi , De Meng , Priyanshu Kumar , Saloni Potdar

Although large language models (LLMs) have achieved significant success in natural language processing, they still struggle with long-context comprehension. Traditional approaches to mitigating this issue typically rely on fine-tuning or…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-25 Yifei Gao , Shaohong Chen , Lei Wang , Ruiting Dai , Ziyun Zhang , Kerui Ren , Jiaji Wu , Jun Cheng

State-of-the-art performance in QA tasks is currently achieved by systems employing Large Language Models (LLMs), however these models tend to hallucinate information in their responses. One approach focuses on enhancing the generation…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-28 Moshe Berchansky , Daniel Fleischer , Moshe Wasserblat , Peter Izsak

Table reasoning with large language models (LLMs) plays a critical role in building intelligent systems capable of understanding and analyzing tabular data. Despite recent progress, existing methods still face key limitations: their…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Huajian Zhang , Mingyue Cheng , Yucong Luo , Xiaoyu Tao

Current large language models can perform reasonably well on complex tasks that require step-by-step reasoning with few-shot learning. Are these models applying reasoning skills they have learnt during pre-training and reason outside of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-02 Ping Yu , Tianlu Wang , Olga Golovneva , Badr AlKhamissi , Siddharth Verma , Zhijing Jin , Gargi Ghosh , Mona Diab , Asli Celikyilmaz

Recent advancements in Chain-of-Thought prompting have facilitated significant breakthroughs for Large Language Models (LLMs) in complex reasoning tasks. Current research enhances the reasoning performance of LLMs by sampling multiple…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-22 Zhangyue Yin , Qiushi Sun , Qipeng Guo , Zhiyuan Zeng , Xiaonan Li , Tianxiang Sun , Cheng Chang , Qinyuan Cheng , Ding Wang , Xiaofeng Mou , Xipeng Qiu , XuanJing Huang

Large language models (LLMs) have shown impressive capabilities, but still struggle with complex reasoning tasks requiring multiple steps. While prompt-based methods like Chain-of-Thought (CoT) can improve LLM reasoning at inference time,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-11-25 Haolin Chen , Yihao Feng , Zuxin Liu , Weiran Yao , Akshara Prabhakar , Shelby Heinecke , Ricky Ho , Phil Mui , Silvio Savarese , Caiming Xiong , Huan Wang

The reasoning pattern of Large language models (LLMs) remains opaque, and Reinforcement learning (RL) typically applies uniform credit across an entire generation, blurring the distinction between pivotal and routine steps. This work…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-16 Yang Li , Zhichen Dong , Yuhan Sun , Weixun Wang , Shaopan Xiong , Yijia Luo , Jiashun Liu , Han Lu , Jiamang Wang , Wenbo Su , Bo Zheng , Junchi Yan

Large Language Models (LLMs) are pivotal in advancing natural language processing but often struggle with complex reasoning tasks due to inefficient attention distributions. In this paper, we explore the effect of increased computed tokens…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-25 Bingli Liao , Danilo Vasconcellos Vargas

Token-level Chain-of-Thought (CoT) prompting has become a standard way to elicit multi-step reasoning in large language models (LLMs), especially for mathematical word problems. However, generating long intermediate traces increases output…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Disha Sheshanarayana , Rajat Subhra Pal , Manjira Sinha , Tirthankar Dasgupta
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