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Diffusion language models are a promising alternative to autoregressive models due to their potential for faster generation. Among discrete diffusion approaches, Masked diffusion currently dominates, largely driven by strong perplexity on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Subham Sekhar Sahoo , Jean-Marie Lemercier , Zhihan Yang , Justin Deschenaux , Jingyu Liu , John Thickstun , Ante Jukic

The rapid advancement of speech generation technologies in the era of large language models (LLMs) has established discrete speech tokens as a foundational paradigm for speech representation. These tokens, characterized by their discrete,…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-12-15 Yiwei Guo , Zhihan Li , Hankun Wang , Bohan Li , Chongtian Shao , Hanglei Zhang , Chenpeng Du , Xie Chen , Shujie Liu , Kai Yu

Large language model (LLM)-based embedding models, benefiting from large scale pre-training and post-training, have begun to surpass BERT and T5-based models on general-purpose text embedding tasks such as document retrieval. However, a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-22 Siyue Zhang , Yilun Zhao , Liyuan Geng , Arman Cohan , Anh Tuan Luu , Chen Zhao

Diffusion language models theoretically allow for efficient parallel generation but are practically hindered by the "factorization barrier": the assumption that simultaneously predicted tokens are independent. This limitation forces a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-11 Ian Li , Zilei Shao , Benjie Wang , Rose Yu , Guy Van den Broeck , Anji Liu

Diffusion Large Language Models (dLLMs) have emerged as a promising alternative to purely autoregressive language models because they can decode multiple tokens in parallel. However, state-of-the-art block-wise dLLMs rely on a "remasking"…

Unified architectures in multimodal large language models (MLLM) have shown promise in handling diverse tasks within a single framework. In the text-to-speech (TTS) task, current MLLM-based approaches rely on discrete token representations,…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-10-27 Xinlu He , Swayambhu Nath Ray , Harish Mallidi , Jia-Hong Huang , Ashwin Bellur , Chander Chandak , M. Maruf , Venkatesh Ravichandran

Diffusion language models have recently emerged as a leading alternative to standard language models, due to their ability for bidirectional attention and parallel text generation. In this work, we explore variants for their use in speech…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-30 Davyd Naveriani , Albert Zeyer , Ralf Schlüter , Hermann Ney

We introduce the Diffusion Chain of Lateral Thought (DCoLT), a reasoning framework for diffusion language models. DCoLT treats each intermediate step in the reverse diffusion process as a latent "thinking" action and optimizes the entire…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-03 Zemin Huang , Zhiyang Chen , Zijun Wang , Tiancheng Li , Guo-Jun Qi

By embedding discrete representations into a continuous latent space, we can leverage continuous-space latent diffusion models to handle generative modeling of discrete data. However, despite their initial success, most latent diffusion…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-02 Bac Nguyen , Chieh-Hsin Lai , Yuhta Takida , Naoki Murata , Toshimitsu Uesaka , Stefano Ermon , Yuki Mitsufuji

Visual generation with discrete tokens has gained significant attention as it enables a unified token prediction paradigm shared with language models, promising seamless multimodal architectures. However, current discrete generation methods…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-20 Yuqing Wang , Chuofan Ma , Zhijie Lin , Yao Teng , Lijun Yu , Shuai Wang , Jiaming Han , Jiashi Feng , Yi Jiang , Xihui Liu

We explore a framework for protein sequence representation learning that decomposes the task between manifold learning and distributional modelling. Specifically we present a Latent Space Diffusion architecture which combines a protein…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-25 Eoin Quinn , Ghassene Jebali , Maxime Seince , Oliver Bent

This paper presents the Text Encoding Diffusion Model (TEncDM), a novel approach to diffusion modeling that operates in the space of pre-trained language model encodings. In contrast to traditionally used embeddings, encodings integrate…

Discrete diffusion models, like continuous diffusion models, generate high-quality samples by gradually undoing noise applied to datapoints with a Markov process. Gradual generation in theory comes with many conceptual benefits; for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Alan N. Amin , Nate Gruver , Andrew Gordon Wilson

Masked diffusion models (MDM) are powerful generative models for discrete data that generate samples by progressively unmasking tokens in a sequence. Each token can take one of two states: masked or unmasked. We observe that token sequences…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-23 Chen-Hao Chao , Wei-Fang Sun , Hanwen Liang , Chun-Yi Lee , Rahul G. Krishnan

The recent success of transformer-based image generative models in object-centric learning highlights the importance of powerful image generators for handling complex scenes. However, despite the high expressiveness of diffusion models in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-11-06 Jindong Jiang , Fei Deng , Gautam Singh , Sungjin Ahn

In reinforcement learning (RL), world models serve as internal simulators, enabling agents to predict environment dynamics and future outcomes in order to make informed decisions. While previous approaches leveraging discrete latent spaces,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Aidan Scannell , Mohammadreza Nakhaei , Kalle Kujanpää , Yi Zhao , Kevin Sebastian Luck , Arno Solin , Joni Pajarinen

Recent endeavors in Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) aim to unify visual comprehension and generation by combining LLM and diffusion models, the state-of-the-art in each task, respectively. Existing approaches rely on spatial visual…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-22 Kaihang Pan , Wang Lin , Zhongqi Yue , Tenglong Ao , Liyu Jia , Wei Zhao , Juncheng Li , Siliang Tang , Hanwang Zhang

Reinforcement learning has become a central paradigm for improving LLM reasoning, but most existing methods optimize policies over discrete token sequences. This creates a mismatch between the optimization space and the structure of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Haoqiang Kang , Yizhe Zhang , Nikki Lijing Kuang , Yi-An Ma , Lianhui Qin

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated promising potential in various downstream tasks, including machine translation. However, prior work on LLM-based machine translation has mainly focused on better utilizing training data,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Hongbin Na , Zimu Wang , Mieradilijiang Maimaiti , Tong Chen , Wei Wang , Tao Shen , Ling Chen

We argue that diffusion models' success in modeling complex distributions is, for the most part, coming from their input conditioning. This paper investigates the representation used to condition diffusion models from the perspective that…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-07 Samuel Lavoie , Michael Noukhovitch , Aaron Courville