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Internal software quality determines the maintainability of the software product and influences the quality in use. There is a plethora of metrics which purport to measure the internal quality of software, and these metrics are offered by…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2019-09-24 Mayra Nilson , Vard Antinyan , Lucas Gren

High-fidelity logical magic states are a critical resource for fault-tolerant quantum computation, enabling non-Clifford logical operations through state injection. However, benchmarking these states presents significant challenges: one…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-10 Su-un Lee , Ming Yuan , Senrui Chen , Kento Tsubouchi , Liang Jiang

Quantum query complexity studies the number of queries needed to learn some property of a black box. A closely related question is how well an algorithm can succeed with this learning task using only a fixed number of queries. In this work,…

In object-oriented software design, various metrics predict software systems' fault proneness. Fault predictions can considerably improve the quality of the development process and the software product. In this paper, we look at the…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-04-14 Areeb Ahmed Mir , Muhammad Raees , Afzal Ahmed

Software metrics offer a quantitative basis for predicting the software development process. In this way, software quality can be improved very easily. Software quality should be achieved to satisfy the customer with decreasing the software…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2019-05-31 Junaid Rashid , Toqeer Mahmood , Muhamad Wasif Nisar

Enterprise agents increasingly operate inside scoped retrieval systems, delegated workflows, and policy-constrained evidence environments. In these settings, access control can be enforced correctly while the system still produces an answer…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Krti Tallam

A test oracle determines whether a system behaves correctly for a given input. Automatic testing techniques rely on an automated test oracle to test the system without user interaction. Important families of automated test oracles include…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-10-21 Manuel Rigger , Zhendong Su

In this paper we present a search algorithm that finds useful optical quantum states which can be created with current technology. We apply the algorithm to the field of quantum metrology with the goal of finding states that can measure a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-08-03 P. A. Knott

Software developers and maintainers need to read and understand source programs and other software artifacts. The increase in size and complexity of software drastically affects several quality attributes, especially understandability and…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2010-04-27 Mohd Nazir , Raees A. Khan , Khurram Mustafa

The idea of automatizing the assessment of objectoriented design is not new. Different approaches define and apply their own quality models, which are composed of single metrics or combinations thereof, to operationalize software design.…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2016-02-24 Johannes Bräuer

The aim is to create reliable and verifiable fault detection software to detect abrupt changes in safety-critical dynamic systems. Fault detection methods are implemented as software on digital computers that monitor and control the system.…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2013-12-04 Alireza Esna Ashari , Eric Feron

The oracle problem refers to the inability of an agent to know if the information coming from an oracle is authentic and unbiased. In ancient times, philosophers and historians debated on how to evaluate, increase, and secure the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-22 Giulio Caldarelli , Massimiliano Ornaghi

Software testing remains the most widely used methodology for validating quality of code. However, effectiveness of testing critically depends on the quality of test suites used. Test cases in a test suite consist of two fundamental parts:…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-07-22 Shan Jiang , Chenguang Zhu , Sarfraz Khurshid

Can one estimate the number of remaining faults in a software system? A credible estimation technique would be immensely useful to project managers as well as customers. It would also be of theoretical interest, as a general law of software…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2013-08-14 Carlo A. Furia , Bertrand Meyer , Manuel Oriol , Andrey Tikhomirov , Yi Wei

It is widely accepted that the selection of measurement bases can affect the efficiency of quantum state estimation methods, precision of estimating an unknown state can be improved significantly by simply introduce a set of symmetrical…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2012-01-31 Chi Zhang , Guo-Yong Xiang , Yong-Sheng Zhang , Chuan-Feng Li , Guang-Can Guo

Software measurement is an essential management tool to develop robust and maintainable software systems. Software metrics can be used to control the inherent complexities in software design. To guarantee that the components of the software…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-01-26 Mamdouh Alenezi

Over the past few decades, computational methods have been developed to estimate perceptual audio quality. These methods, also referred to as objective quality measures, are usually developed and intended for a specific application domain.…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-10-25 Matteo Torcoli , Thorsten Kastner , Jürgen Herre

Software code quality is a construct with three dimensions: maintainability, reliability, and functionality. Although many firms have incorporated code quality metrics in their operations, evaluating these metrics still lacks consistent…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-01-17 Siyuan Jin , Mianmian Zhang , Yekai Guo , Yuejiang He , Ziyuan Li , Bichao Chen , Bing Zhu , Yong Xia

AI-based systems possess distinctive characteristics and introduce challenges in quality evaluation at the same time. Consequently, ensuring and validating AI software quality is of critical importance. In this paper, we present an…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-10-07 Jing Shu , Bing-Jiun Miu , Eugene Chang , Jerry Gao , Jun Liu

In this paper, an attempt has been made to analyze the Activeness of an Object Oriented Component Library and develop a special type of software metric called Component Activeness Quotient which is defined as the degree of readiness of an…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2012-09-24 Sachin Lakra , Nand Kumar , Sugandha Hooda , Nitin Bhardwaj