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Large language models (LLMs) are reshaping numerous facets of our daily lives, leading widespread adoption as web-based services. Despite their versatility, LLMs face notable challenges, such as generating hallucinated content and lacking…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Minseok Kim , Hankook Lee , Hyungjoon Koo

Retrieval Augmented Generation (RAG) is a technique used to augment Large Language Models (LLMs) with contextually relevant, time-critical, or domain-specific information without altering the underlying model parameters. However,…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-08-20 Laurent Mombaerts , Terry Ding , Adi Banerjee , Florian Felice , Jonathan Taws , Tarik Borogovac

The system prompt in Large Language Models (LLMs) plays a pivotal role in guiding model behavior and response generation. Often containing private configuration details, user roles, and operational instructions, the system prompt has become…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-06-02 Badhan Chandra Das , M. Hadi Amini , Yanzhao Wu

With the recent remarkable advancement of large language models (LLMs), there has been a growing interest in utilizing them in the domains with highly sensitive data that lies outside their training data. For this purpose,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-13 Tatsuki Koga , Ruihan Wu , Zhiyuan Zhang , Kamalika Chaudhuri

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in a wide range of tasks, yet their application to specialized domains remains challenging due to the need for deep expertise. Retrieval-Augmented generation (RAG) has…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Qinggang Zhang , Shengyuan Chen , Yuanchen Bei , Zheng Yuan , Huachi Zhou , Zijin Hong , Hao Chen , Yilin Xiao , Chuang Zhou , Junnan Dong , Yi Chang , Xiao Huang

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities across various cybersecurity tasks, including vulnerability classification, detection, and patching. However, their potential in automated vulnerability report…

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly used in software development to generate functions, such as attack detectors, that implement security requirements. A key challenge is ensuring the LLMs have enough knowledge to address specific…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-09-18 Samuele Pasini , Jinhan Kim , Tommaso Aiello , Rocio Cabrera Lozoya , Antonino Sabetta , Paolo Tonella

Large Language Models (LLMs) have achieved tremendous success in various tasks, yet concerns about their safety and security have emerged. In particular, they pose risks of generating harmful content and are vulnerable to jailbreaking…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Zeming Wei , Chengcan Wu , Meng Sun

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) incorporates external knowledge into large language models (LLMs), improving their adaptability to downstream tasks and enabling information updates. Surprisingly, recent empirical evidence demonstrates…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-08 Yang Sun , Zhiyong Xie , Lixin Zou , Dan Luo , Min Tang , Xiangyu Zhao , Yunwei Zhao , Xixun Lin , Yanxiong Lu , Chenliang Li

Machine learning (ML) models have significantly grown in complexity and utility, driving advances across multiple domains. However, substantial computational resources and specialized expertise have historically restricted their wide…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-08-28 Kaixiang Zhao , Lincan Li , Kaize Ding , Neil Zhenqiang Gong , Yue Zhao , Yushun Dong

This paper presents an analysis of open-source large language models (LLMs) and their application in Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) tasks, specific for enterprise-specific data sets scraped from their websites. With the increasing…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-06-18 Gautam B , Anupam Purwar

Existing retrieval-augmented code generation (RACG) methods typically use an external retrieval module to fetch semantically similar code snippets used for generating subsequent fragments. However, even for consecutive code fragments, the…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-10-10 Qian Dong , Jia Chen , Qingyao Ai , Hongning Wang , Haitao Li , Yi Wu , Yao Hu , Yiqun Liu , Shaoping Ma

Large Language Models (LLMs) showcase impressive capabilities but encounter challenges like hallucination, outdated knowledge, and non-transparent, untraceable reasoning processes. Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) has emerged as a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-28 Yunfan Gao , Yun Xiong , Xinyu Gao , Kangxiang Jia , Jinliu Pan , Yuxi Bi , Yi Dai , Jiawei Sun , Meng Wang , Haofen Wang

Large Language Models (LLMs) exhibit substantial capabilities yet encounter challenges, including hallucination, outdated knowledge, and untraceable reasoning processes. Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) has emerged as a promising…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-06-03 Feiteng Fang , Yuelin Bai , Shiwen Ni , Min Yang , Xiaojun Chen , Ruifeng Xu

While the flexible capabilities of large language models (LLMs) allow them to answer a range of queries based on existing learned knowledge, information retrieval to augment generation is an important tool to allow LLMs to answer questions…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-11-23 Guy Zyskind , Tobin South , Alex Pentland

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) enhances Large Language Models (LLMs) by mitigating hallucinations and outdated information issues, yet simultaneously facilitates unauthorized data appropriation at scale. This paper addresses this…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-10-10 Peiyang Liu , Ziqiang Cui , Di Liang , Wei Ye

Recent studies have demonstrated the vulnerability of sequential recommender systems to Model Extraction Attacks (MEAs). MEAs collect responses from recommender systems to replicate their functionality, enabling unauthorized deployments and…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-07-24 Shilong Zhao , Fei Sun , Kaike Zhang , Shaoling Jing , Du Su , Zhichao Shi , Zhiyi Yin , Huawei Shen , Xueqi Cheng

With growing popularity, deep learning (DL) models are becoming larger-scale, and only the companies with vast training datasets and immense computing power can manage their business serving such large models. Most of those DL models are…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-03-06 Younghan Lee , Sohee Jun , Yungi Cho , Woorim Han , Hyungon Moon , Yunheung Paek

Large language models (LLMs) exhibit remarkable capabilities but often produce inaccurate responses, as they rely solely on their embedded knowledge. Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) enhances LLMs by incorporating an external…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-25 Nitin Aravind Birur , Tanay Baswa , Divyanshu Kumar , Jatan Loya , Sahil Agarwal , Prashanth Harshangi

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) systems enhance large language models (LLMs) by integrating external knowledge, making them adaptable and cost-effective for various applications. However, the growing reliance on these systems also…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-10-31 Yucheng Zhang , Qinfeng Li , Tianyu Du , Xuhong Zhang , Xinkui Zhao , Zhengwen Feng , Jianwei Yin