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Scaling bottlenecks the making of digital quantum computers, posing challenges from both the quantum and the classical components. We present a classical architecture to cope with a comprehensive list of the latter challenges {\em all at…

This paper presents a comprehensive software stack architecture for integrating quantum computing (QC) capabilities with High-Performance Computing (HPC) environments. While quantum computers show promise as specialized accelerators for…

Quantum computing is no longer only a scientific interest but is rapidly becoming an industrially available technology that can potentially overcome the limits of classical computation. Over the last years, all major companies have provided…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-04-12 Manuel De Stefano , Fabiano Pecorelli , Dario Di Nucci , Fabio Palomba , Andrea De Lucia

With recent advances in the development of more powerful quantum computers, the re-search area of quantum software engineering is emerging. Quantum software plays a critical role in exploiting the full potential of quantum computing…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-09-13 Muhammad Azeem Akbar , Saima Rafi , Arif Ali Khan

While not yet in commercial existence, quantum computers have the ability to solve certain classes of problems that are not efficiently solvable on existing Turing Machine based (classical) computers. For quantum computers to be of use,…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2009-11-13 Matt Purkeypile

Large-scale quantum computers promise transformative speedups, but their viability hinges on fast and reliable quantum error correction (QEC). At the center of QEC are decoders-classical algorithms running on hardware such as FPGAs, GPUs,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-19 Satvik Maurya , Abtin Molavi , Aws Albarghouthi , Swamit Tannu

While significant progress has been made on the hardware side of quantum computing, support for high-level quantum programming abstractions remains underdeveloped compared to classical programming languages. In this article, we introduce…

Quantum computing is gaining attention from academia and industry. With the quantum Software Development Kits (SDKs), programmers can develop quantum software to explore the power of quantum computing. However, programmers may face…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Zenghui Zhou , Yuechen Li , Yi Cai , Jinlong Wen , Xiaohan Yu , Zheng Zheng , Beibei Yin

Quantum computing (QC) offers a new computing paradigm that has the potential to provide significant speedups over classical computing. Each additional qubit doubles the size of the computational state space available to a quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-05-13 Wei Tang , Margaret Martonosi

Quantum Software Engineering (QSE) is essential for ensuring the reliability and maintainability of hybrid quantum-classical systems, yet empirical evidence on how bugs emerge and affect quality in real-world quantum projects remains…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-01-05 Mir Mohammad Yousuf , Shabir Ahmad Sofi

Quantum computers promise to transform our notions of computation by offering a completely new paradigm. To achieve scalable quantum computation, optimizing compilers and a corresponding software design flow will be essential. We present a…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2018-07-24 Thomas Häner , Damian S. Steiger , Krysta Svore , Matthias Troyer

Quantum computers promise exponential speed ups over classical computers for various tasks. This emerging technology is expected to have its first huge impact in High Performance Computing (HPC), as it can solve problems beyond the reach of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-03-29 Arnaud Gazda , Oceane Koska

Quantum software engineering is an emerging discipline with distinct challenges, particularly in testing and debugging. As quantum computing transitions from theory to implementation, developers face issues not present in classical software…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Jake Zappin , Trevor Stalnaker , Oscar Chaparro , Denys Poshyvanyk

Quantum computing (QC) represents the future of computing systems, but the tools for reasoning about the quantum model of computation, in which the laws obeyed are those on the quantum mechanical scale, are still a mix of linear algebra and…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-11-17 Carmelo R. Cartiere

We use the benefits and components of classical computers every day. However, there are many types of problems which, as they grow in size, their computational complexity grows larger than classical computers will ever be able to solve.…

The development of quantum computers has been the stimulus that enables the realization of Quantum Machine Learning (QML), an area that integrates the calculational framework of quantum mechanics with the adaptive properties of classical…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2025-09-04 Bhavna Bose , Saurav Verma

With the rapid development of classical and quantum machine learning, a large number of machine learning frameworks have been proposed. However, existing machine learning frameworks usually only focus on classical or quantum, rather than…

Quantum computing provides a new dimension in computation, utilizing the principles of quantum mechanics to potentially solve complex problems that are currently intractable for classical computers. However, little research has been…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-09-19 Mst Shamima Aktar , Peng Liang , Muhammad Waseem , Amjed Tahir , Aakash Ahmad , Beiqi Zhang , Zengyang Li

Recent computations involving quantum processing units (QPUs) have demonstrated a series of challenges inherent to hybrid classical-quantum programming, compilation, execution, and verification and validation. Despite considerable progress,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-05-24 Alexander McCaskey , Eugene Dumitrescu , Dmitry Liakh , Travis Humble

With recent advances in the development of more powerful quantum computers, the research area of quantum software engineering is emerging, having the goal to provide concepts, principles, and guidelines to develop high-quality quantum…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-06-18 Benjamin Weder , Johanna Barzen , Frank Leymann , Daniel Vietz