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Increasing test-time computation has emerged as a promising direction for improving language model performance, particularly in scenarios where model finetuning is impractical or impossible due to computational constraints or private model…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-22 Gonçalo Faria , Noah A. Smith

A key principle in string processing is local consistency: using short contexts to handle matching fragments of a string consistently. String synchronizing sets [Kempa, Kociumaka; STOC 2019] are an influential instantiation of this…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2026-02-13 Jonas Ellert , Tomasz Kociumaka

Recent large language models (LLMs) achieve strong performance in generating promising reasoning paths for complex tasks. However, despite powerful generation ability, LLMs remain weak at verifying their own answers, revealing a persistent…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Yuxin Chen , Yu Wang , Yi Zhang , Ziang Ye , Zhengzhou Cai , Yaorui Shi , Qi Gu , Hui Su , Xunliang Cai , Xiang Wang , An Zhang , Tat-Seng Chua

Large Language Models (LLMs) have drawn a lot of attention due to their strong performance on a wide range of natural language tasks, since the release of ChatGPT in November 2022. LLMs' ability of general-purpose language understanding and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-25 Shervin Minaee , Tomas Mikolov , Narjes Nikzad , Meysam Chenaghlu , Richard Socher , Xavier Amatriain , Jianfeng Gao

A central goal of linguistic theory is to find a precise characterization of the notion "possible human language", in the form of a computational device that is capable of describing all and only the languages that can be acquired by a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-17 Tim Hunter

Recently, neural models have been proposed for headline generation by learning to map documents to headlines with recurrent neural networks. Nevertheless, as traditional neural network utilizes maximum likelihood estimation for parameter…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2016-10-11 Ayana , Shiqi Shen , Yu Zhao , Zhiyuan Liu , Maosong Sun

Large language models (LLM) have achieved remarkable success in natural language generation but lesser focus has been given to their applicability in decision making tasks such as classification. We show that LLMs like LLaMa can achieve…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-26 Vikas Yadav , Zheng Tang , Vijay Srinivasan

Generative Large Language Models (LLMs) stand as a revolutionary advancement in the modern era of artificial intelligence (AI). However, scaling down LLMs for resource-constrained hardware, such as Internet-of-Things (IoT) devices requires…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-28 Youpeng Zhao , Ming Lin , Huadong Tang , Qiang Wu , Jun Wang

Evaluating text generation capabilities of large language models (LLMs) is challenging, particularly for low-resource languages where methods for direct assessment are scarce. We propose MUG-Eval, a novel framework that evaluates LLMs'…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Seyoung Song , Seogyeong Jeong , Eunsu Kim , Jiho Jin , Dongkwan Kim , Jay Shin , Alice Oh

Paraphrase generation is a long-standing task in natural language processing (NLP). Supervised paraphrase generation models, which rely on human-annotated paraphrase pairs, are cost-inefficient and hard to scale up. On the other hand,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-29 Kuan-Hao Huang , Varun Iyer , I-Hung Hsu , Anoop Kumar , Kai-Wei Chang , Aram Galstyan

Large Language Models (LLMs) have recently emerged as planners for language-instructed agents, generating sequences of actions to accomplish natural language tasks. However, their reliability remains a challenge, especially in long-horizon…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Jun Wang , Yevgeniy Vorobeychik , Yiannis Kantaros

Generative speech models have demonstrated significant potential in improving human-machine interactions, offering valuable real-world applications such as language learning for children. However, achieving high-quality, child-friendly…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-09-05 Xiaoxue Gao , Huayun Zhang , Nancy F. Chen

Diffusion models have emerged as a powerful paradigm for modern generative modeling, demonstrating strong potential for large language models (LLMs). Unlike conventional autoregressive (AR) models that generate tokens sequentially,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-09 Gen Li , Changxiao Cai

We present and evaluate a new model for Natural Language Generation (NLG) in Spoken Dialogue Systems, based on statistical planning, given noisy feedback from the current generation context (e.g. a user and a surface realiser). We study its…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2016-06-16 Verena Rieser , Oliver Lemon

Practicing conversations with large language models (LLMs) presents a promising alternative to traditional in-person language learning. However, most LLMs generate text at a near-native level of complexity, making them ill-suited for first…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-19 Meiqing Jin , Liam Dugan , Chris Callison-Burch

Improving the previously known best bound, we show that any recursively enumerable language can be generated with a non-returning parallel communicating (PC) grammar system having six context-free components. We also present a non-returning…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2009-07-30 Erzsébet Csuhaj-Varjú , György Vaszil

LLM (large language model) practitioners commonly notice that outputs can vary for the same inputs under settings expected to be deterministic. Yet the questions of how pervasive this is, and with what impact on results, have not to our…

Random Number Generation Tasks (RNGTs) are used in psychology for examining how humans generate sequences devoid of predictable patterns. By adapting an existing human RNGT for an LLM-compatible environment, this preliminary study tests…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-08-21 Rachel M. Harrison

Recent years have seen a number of proposals for performing Natural Language Generation (NLG) based in large part on statistical techniques. Despite having many attractive features, we argue that these existing approaches nonetheless have…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-12-29 Xiao Li , Kees van Deemter , Chenghua Lin

The inherent probabilistic nature of Large Language Models (LLMs) introduces an element of unpredictability, raising concerns about potential discrepancies in their output. This paper introduces an innovative approach aims to generate…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-02-23 Md Sadman Sakib , Yu Sun
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