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This paper presents Block, a distributed scheduling framework designed to optimize load balancing and auto-provisioning across instances in large language model serving frameworks by leveraging contextual information from incoming requests.…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-08-14 Wei Da , Evangelia Kalyvianaki

Token filtering has been proposed to enhance the utility of large language models (LLMs) by eliminating inconsequential tokens during training. While usingfewer tokens is expected to reduce computational workloads, existing methods have not…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-20 Di Chai , Pengbo Li , Feiyuan Zhang , Yilun Jin , Han Tian , Kaiqiang Xu , Binhang Yuan , Dian Shen , Junxue Zhang , Kai Chen

The context window of large language models (LLMs) is rapidly increasing, leading to a huge variance in resource usage between different requests as well as between different phases of the same request. Restricted by static parallelism…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-10-30 Bingyang Wu , Shengyu Liu , Yinmin Zhong , Peng Sun , Xuanzhe Liu , Xin Jin

Inference accounts for the majority of latency and energy consumption in large language model (LLM) deployments, often exceeding 90% of total cost. While training-time efficiency has seen extensive progress, runtime optimization remains a…

The widespread adoption of LLMs has driven an exponential rise in their deployment, imposing substantial demands on inference clusters. These clusters must handle numerous concurrent queries for different LLM downstream tasks. To handle…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-11-14 Nikoleta Iliakopoulou , Jovan Stojkovic , Chloe Alverti , Tianyin Xu , Hubertus Franke , Josep Torrellas

Large Language Model (LLM) workloads have distinct prefill and decode phases with different compute and memory requirements which should ideally be accounted for when scheduling input queries across different LLM instances in a cluster.…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-01-08 Kunal Jain , Anjaly Parayil , Ankur Mallick , Esha Choukse , Xiaoting Qin , Jue Zhang , Íñigo Goiri , Rujia Wang , Chetan Bansal , Victor Rühle , Anoop Kulkarni , Steve Kofsky , Saravan Rajmohan

Deploying modern Speech Language Models (SpeechLMs) in streaming settings requires systems that provide low latency, high throughput, and strong guarantees of streamability. Existing systems fall short of supporting diverse models flexibly…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Keisuke Kamahori , Wei-Tzu Lee , Atindra Jha , Rohan Kadekodi , Stephanie Wang , Arvind Krishnamurthy , Baris Kasikci

Distributed prefix caching has become a core technique for efficient LLM serving. However, for long-context requests with high cache hit ratios, retrieving reusable KVCache blocks from remote servers has emerged as a new performance…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Weiye Wang , Chen Chen , Junxue Zhang , Zhusheng Wang , Hui Yuan , Zixuan Guan , Xiaolong Zheng , Qizhen Weng , Yin Chen , Minyi Guo

Large language models (LLMs) often incorporate multiple text chunks in their inputs to provide the necessary contexts. To speed up the prefill of the long LLM inputs, one can pre-compute the KV cache of a text and re-use the KV cache when…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-07 Jiayi Yao , Hanchen Li , Yuhan Liu , Siddhant Ray , Yihua Cheng , Qizheng Zhang , Kuntai Du , Shan Lu , Junchen Jiang

Long-context inference in LLMs faces the dual challenges of quadratic attention complexity and prohibitive KV cache memory. While token-level sparse attention offers superior accuracy, its indexing overhead is costly; block-level methods…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-10 Yuxuan Hu , Jianchao Tan , Jiaqi Zhang , Wen Zan , Pingwei Sun , Yifan Lu , Yerui Sun , Yuchen Xie , Xunliang Cai , Jing Zhang

This paper presents Nova, a real-time scheduling framework for serving agentic vision-language models (VLMs) on a single GPU with balanced per-request latency and overall request process throughput. Our design begins by enabling effective…

Operating Systems · Computer Science 2025-09-26 Yuhang Xu , Shengzhong Liu , Dong Zhang , Bingheng Yan , Fan Wu , Guihai Chen

Large Language Model (LLM) inference on large-scale systems is expected to dominate future cloud infrastructures. Efficient LLM inference in cloud environments with numerous AI accelerators is challenging, necessitating extensive…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-11-11 Ilias Bournias , Lukas Cavigelli , Georgios Zacharopoulos

Edge deployment of large language models (LLMs) can reduce latency for interactive services, but mobility introduces service interruptions when an user equipment (UE) hands over between base stations (BSs). To promptly resume decoding, the…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-03-31 Seunghun Lee , Jihong Park , Ce Zheng , Hyuncheol Park

Many cloud systems utilize low-priority flows to achieve various performance objectives (e.g., low latency, high utilization), relying on TCP as their preferred transport protocol. However, the suitability of TCP for such low-priority flows…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2024-01-18 Hafiz Mohsin Bashir , Abdullah Bin Faisal , Fahad R. Dogar

Modern deployment of large language models (LLMs) frequently involves both inference serving and continuous retraining to stay aligned with evolving data and user feedback. Common practices separate these workloads onto distinct servers in…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-30 Yufei Li , Zexin Li , Yinglun Zhu , Cong Liu

DistServe improves the performance of large language models (LLMs) serving by disaggregating the prefill and decoding computation. Existing LLM serving systems colocate the two phases and batch the computation of prefill and decoding across…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-06-07 Yinmin Zhong , Shengyu Liu , Junda Chen , Jianbo Hu , Yibo Zhu , Xuanzhe Liu , Xin Jin , Hao Zhang

LLMs are increasingly used world-wide from daily tasks to agentic systems and data analytics, requiring significant GPU resources. LLM inference systems, however, are slow compared to database systems, and inference performance and…

Performance · Computer Science 2025-10-03 Kyoungmin Kim , Jiacheng Li , Kijae Hong , Anastasia Ailamaki

LAPS identifies and disaggregates requests with different prompt lengths in LLM serving to reduce TTFT latency. While recent systems have decoupled the prefill and decode stages to improve throughput, they still rely on unified scheduling…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-01-29 Jianshu She , Zonghang Li , Hongchao Du , Shangyu Wu , Wenhao Zheng , Eric Xing , Zhengzhong Liu , Huaxiu Yao , Jason Xue , Qirong Ho

Large Language Model (LLM) serving faces a fundamental tension between stringent latency Service Level Objectives (SLOs) and limited GPU memory capacity. When high request rates exhaust the KV cache budget, existing LLM inference systems…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Jiahuan Yu , Mingtao Hu , Zichao Lin , Minjia Zhang

Large language models (LLMs) have shown remarkable potential in processing long sequences and complex reasoning tasks, yet efficiently serving these models remains challenging due to the quadratic computational complexity of attention in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-22 Shang Yang , Junxian Guo , Haotian Tang , Qinghao Hu , Guangxuan Xiao , Jiaming Tang , Yujun Lin , Zhijian Liu , Yao Lu , Song Han