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Facial expression recognition (FER) in videos requires model personalization to capture the considerable variations across subjects. Vision-language models (VLMs) offer strong transfer to downstream tasks through image-text alignment, but…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-25 Masoumeh Sharafi , Muhammad Osama Zeeshan , Soufiane Belharbi , Alessandro Lameiras Koerich , Marco Pedersoli , Eric Granger

Deep neural networks have achieved remarkable success in a variety of computer vision applications. However, there is a problem of degrading accuracy when the data distribution shifts between training and testing. As a solution of this…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-27 Shohei Enomoto , Naoya Hasegawa , Kazuki Adachi , Taku Sasaki , Shin'ya Yamaguchi , Satoshi Suzuki , Takeharu Eda

Multimodal 3D vision-language models show strong generalization across diverse 3D tasks, but their performance still degrades notably under domain shifts. This has motivated recent studies on test-time adaptation (TTA), which enables models…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-26 Xingyu Zhu , Liang Yi , Shuo Wang , Wenbo Zhu , Yonglinag Wu , Beier Zhu , Hanwang Zhang

Vision-language models suffer performance degradation under domain shift, limiting real-world applicability. Existing test-time adaptation methods are computationally intensive, rely on back-propagation, and often focus on single…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-02 Yi Zhang , Chun-Wun Cheng , Angelica I. Aviles-Rivero , Zhihai He , Liang-Jie Zhang

Vision-Language Models seamlessly discriminate among arbitrary semantic categories, yet they still suffer from poor generalization when presented with challenging examples. For this reason, Episodic Test-Time Adaptation (TTA) strategies…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-05 Matteo Farina , Gianni Franchi , Giovanni Iacca , Massimiliano Mancini , Elisa Ricci

To perform outdoor visual navigation and search, a robot may leverage satellite imagery to generate visual priors. This can help inform high-level search strategies, even when such images lack sufficient resolution for target recognition.…

One fascinating aspect of pre-trained vision-language models~(VLMs) learning under language supervision is their impressive zero-shot generalization capability. However, this ability is hindered by distribution shifts between the training…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-02-22 Shuai Zhao , Xiaohan Wang , Linchao Zhu , Yi Yang

Continual Test-Time Adaptation (CTTA) task investigates effective domain adaptation under the scenario of continuous domain shifts during testing time. Due to the utilization of solely unlabeled samples, there exists significant uncertainty…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-18 Fan Lyu , Kaile Du , Yuyang Li , Hanyu Zhao , Fuyuan Hu , Zhang Zhang , Guangcan Liu , Liang Wang

Test-time adaptation (TTA) refers to adjusting the model during the testing phase to cope with changes in sample distribution and enhance the model's adaptability to new environments. In real-world scenarios, models often encounter samples…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Ziqiong Liu , Yushun Tang , Junyang Ji , Zhihai He

Deep neural networks often degrade under distribution shifts. Although domain adaptation offers a solution, privacy constraints often prevent access to source data, making Test-Time Adaptation (TTA, which adapts using only unlabeled test…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Linjing You , Jiabao Lu , Xiayuan Huang

3D Vision-Language Foundation Models (VLFMs) have shown strong generalization and zero-shot recognition capabilities in open-world point cloud processing tasks. However, these models often underperform in practical scenarios where data are…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-24 Mehran Tamjidi , Hamidreza Dastmalchi , Mohammadreza Alimoradijazi , Ali Cheraghian , Aijun An , Morteza Saberi

Test-time adaptation (TTA) is crucial in maintaining performance of Vision Language Models (VLMs) when facing distribution shifts, particularly when the source data or target labels are inaccessible. Existing TTA methods predominantly…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-15 Xiaozhen Qiao , Peng Huang , Jiakang Yuan , Xianda Guo , Bowen Ye , Chaocan Xue , Ye Zheng , Zhe Sun , Xuelong Li

Visual-language models (VLMs) like CLIP exhibit strong generalization but struggle with distribution shifts at test time. Existing training-free test-time adaptation (TTA) methods operate strictly within CLIP's original feature space,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Jizhou Han , Chenhao Ding , SongLin Dong , Yuhang He , Xinyuan Gao , Yihong Gong

In current open real-world autonomous driving scenarios, challenges such as sensor failure and extreme weather conditions hinder the generalization of most autonomous driving perception models to these unseen domain due to the domain shifts…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-02 Dacheng Liao , Mengshi Qi , Liang Liu , Huadong Ma

Vision-language models (VLMs), despite their extraordinary zero-shot capabilities, are vulnerable to distribution shifts. Test-time adaptation (TTA) emerges as a predominant strategy to adapt VLMs to unlabeled test data on the fly. However,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-14 Zhichen Zeng , Wenxuan Bao , Xiao Lin , Ruizhong Qiu , Tianxin Wei , Xuying Ning , Yuchen Yan , Chen Luo , Monica Xiao Cheng , Jingrui He , Hanghang Tong

Real-world vision models in dynamic environments face rapid shifts in domain distributions, leading to decreased recognition performance. Using unlabeled test data, continuous test-time adaptation (CTTA) directly adjusts a pre-trained…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-01-28 Sarthak Kumar Maharana , Baoming Zhang , Yunhui Guo

Test-time adaptation (TTA) of Vision-Language Models (VLMs) has emerged as a technique for tackling distribution shifts during the test time. Recent research indicates that the test-time adaptation is intrinsically linked to the model's…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-06 Aodi Li , Liansheng Zhuang , Xiao Long , Houqiang Li , Shafei Wang

Given the inevitability of domain shifts during inference in real-world applications, test-time adaptation (TTA) is essential for model adaptation after deployment. However, the real-world scenario of continuously changing target…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-28 Junyoung Park , Jin Kim , Hyeongjun Kwon , Ilhoon Yoon , Kwanghoon Sohn

Continual Test-Time Adaptation (CTTA) aims to adapt a source pre-trained model to continually changing target domains during inference. As a fundamental principle, an ideal CTTA method should rapidly adapt to new domains (exploration) while…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-19 Pinci Yang , Peisong Wen , Ke Ma , Qianqian Xu

Deep learning models perform poorly when domain shifts exist between training and test data. Test-time adaptation (TTA) is a paradigm to mitigate this issue by adapting pre-trained models using only unlabeled test samples. However, existing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Taeckyung Lee , Sorn Chottananurak , Junsu Kim , Jinwoo Shin , Taesik Gong , Sung-Ju Lee