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Despite the advancements made in Vision Large Language Models (VLLMs), like text Large Language Models (LLMs), they have limitations in addressing questions that require real-time information or are knowledge-intensive. Indiscriminately…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Zhuo Chen , Xinyu Wang , Yong Jiang , Zhen Zhang , Xinyu Geng , Pengjun Xie , Fei Huang , Kewei Tu

We introduce GECKO, a bilingual large language model (LLM) optimized for Korean and English, along with programming languages. GECKO is pretrained on the balanced, high-quality corpus of Korean and English employing LLaMA architecture. In…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-27 Sungwoo Oh , Donggyu Kim

Visually Rich Document Understanding (VRDU) has become a pivotal area of research, driven by the need to automatically interpret documents that contain intricate visual, textual, and structural elements. Recently, Multimodal Large Language…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-22 Yihao Ding , Siwen Luo , Yue Dai , Yanbei Jiang , Zechuan Li , Qiang Sun , Geoffrey Martin , Wei Liu , Yifan Peng

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated promising capabilities in generating Verilog code from module specifications. To improve the quality of such generated Verilog codes, previous methods require either time-consuming manual…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-02-04 Zhuorui Zhao , Ruidi Qiu , Ing-Chao Lin , Grace Li Zhang , Bing Li , Ulf Schlichtmann

Remote Sensing Visual Question Answering (RSVQA) is a challenging task that involves interpreting complex satellite imagery to answer natural language questions. Traditional approaches often rely on separate visual feature extractors and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-19 Surasakdi Siripong , Apirak Chaiyapan , Thanakorn Phonchai

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) has emerged as an effective paradigm for expanding the knowledge capacity of Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) by incorporating external knowledge sources into the generation process, and has been…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Xu Yuan , Liangbo Ning , Qingqing Ye , Wenqi Fan , Qing Li

Vision-Language (VL) models have garnered considerable research interest; however, they still face challenges in effectively handling text within images. To address this limitation, researchers have developed two approaches. The first…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-08 Jonathan Fhima , Elad Ben Avraham , Oren Nuriel , Yair Kittenplon , Roy Ganz , Aviad Aberdam , Ron Litman

Document Visual Question Answering (DocVQA) faces dual challenges in processing lengthy multimodal documents (text, images, tables) and performing cross-modal reasoning. Current document retrieval-augmented generation (DocRAG) methods…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-11-10 Kuicai Dong , Yujing Chang , Shijie Huang , Yasheng Wang , Ruiming Tang , Yong Liu

The advancement of foundation models fosters new initiatives for policy learning in achieving safe and efficient autonomous driving. However, a critical bottleneck lies in the manual engineering of reward functions and training curricula…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Zengqi Peng , Yusen Xie , Yubin Wang , Rui Yang , Qifeng Chen , Jun Ma

Generative large language models (LLMs) exhibit impressive capabilities, which can be further augmented by integrating a pre-trained vision model into the original LLM to create a multimodal LLM (MLLM). However, this integration often…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-14 Shikhar Srivastava , Md Yousuf Harun , Robik Shrestha , Christopher Kanan

The rapid development of vision language models (VLMs) demands rigorous and reliable evaluation. However, current visual question answering (VQA) benchmarks often depend on open-ended questions, making accurate evaluation difficult due to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-10 Yuhui Zhang , Yuchang Su , Yiming Liu , Xiaohan Wang , James Burgess , Elaine Sui , Chenyu Wang , Josiah Aklilu , Alejandro Lozano , Anjiang Wei , Ludwig Schmidt , Serena Yeung-Levy

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have shown impressive capabilities in jointly understanding text, images, and videos, often evaluated via Visual Question Answering (VQA). However, even state-of-the-art MLLMs struggle with…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-01 Alberto Compagnoni , Marco Morini , Sara Sarto , Federico Cocchi , Davide Caffagni , Marcella Cornia , Lorenzo Baraldi , Rita Cucchiara

Multilingual retrieval-augmented generation (MRAG) requires models to effectively acquire and integrate beneficial external knowledge from multilingual collections. However, most existing studies employ a unitive process where queries of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-23 Rui Qi , Fengran Mo , Yufeng Chen , Xue Zhang , Shuo Wang , Hongliang Li , Jinan Xu , Meng Jiang , Jian-Yun Nie , Kaiyu Huang

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) is an effective technique that enables large language models (LLMs) to utilize external knowledge sources for generation. However, current RAG systems are solely based on text, rendering it impossible to…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Shi Yu , Chaoyue Tang , Bokai Xu , Junbo Cui , Junhao Ran , Yukun Yan , Zhenghao Liu , Shuo Wang , Xu Han , Zhiyuan Liu , Maosong Sun

Large Language Models (LLMs) have garnered significant attention due to their remarkable ability to process information across various languages. Despite their capabilities, they exhibit inconsistencies in handling identical queries in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-24 Yue Huang , Chenrui Fan , Yuan Li , Siyuan Wu , Tianyi Zhou , Xiangliang Zhang , Lichao Sun

Coreference Resolution (CR) is crucial for many NLP tasks, but existing LLMs struggle with hallucination and under-performance. In this paper, we investigate the limitations of existing LLM-based approaches to CR-specifically the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-16 Yujian Gan , Yuan Liang , Yanni Lin , Juntao Yu , Massimo Poesio

Large language models (LLMs) inevitably exhibit hallucinations since the accuracy of generated texts cannot be secured solely by the parametric knowledge they encapsulate. Although retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) is a practicable…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-08 Shi-Qi Yan , Jia-Chen Gu , Yun Zhu , Zhen-Hua Ling

Large Multimodal Models (LMMs) have recently shown strong performance on Optical Character Recognition (OCR) tasks, demonstrating their promising capability in document literacy. However, their effectiveness in real-world applications…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-06 Zhipeng Xu , Junhao Ji , Zulong Chen , Zhenghao Liu , Qing Liu , Chunyi Peng , Zubao Qin , Ze Xu , Jianqiang Wan , Jun Tang , Zhibo Yang , Shuai Bai , Dayiheng Liu

We present olmOCR 2, the latest in our family of powerful OCR systems for converting digitized print documents, like PDFs, into clean, naturally ordered plain text. olmOCR 2 is powered by olmOCR-2-7B-1025, a specialized, 7B vision language…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-23 Jake Poznanski , Luca Soldaini , Kyle Lo

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) systems using Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) show great promise for complex document understanding, yet their development is critically hampered by inadequate evaluation. Current benchmarks…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-06 Wenxuan Shen , Mingjia Wang , Yaochen Wang , Dongping Chen , Junjie Yang , Yao Wan , Weiwei Lin